Synagogue
Synagogue, Denotes Either A Con Gregation Of Jews (avvayoyy, Lit. "assem Bly"), Or Their Place Of Worship, Or, More Generally, Judaism As Contrasted With Christianity; The Last Sense Is Exemplified By The Famous Pair Of Statues, Church And Synagogue, In The Porch Of Strasbourg Cathedral. (illustrations And Explanation Of The ...
Syncretism
Syncretism, The Act Or System Of Blending, Combining Or Reconciling Inharmonious Elements. The Term Is Used Tech Nically In Politics, As By Plutarch, Of Those Who Agree To Forget Dissensions And To Unite In The Face Of Common Danger, As The Cretans Were Said To Have Done ; In Philosophy, ...
Syndicalism
Syndicalism. "syndicalism" Is The Name Given To A Form Of Socialist Doctrine Elaborated By, And Born From The Experience Of, The Members Of The French Syndicats Or Trade Unions. The French Word Syndicalisme Means Originally No More Than Trade Unionism And Is Still Frequently Used In That Restricted Sense. Syndication ...
Syndicate
Syndicate. Originally The Name Of A Council Of Syndics, The Word Syndicate Has In Modern Times Come To Be Used To Describe A Body Of Men Associated For Commercial Or Financial Purposes, Especially When The Body Is Temporary And Ad Hoc. The Word Has Also Been Used To Describe The ...
Synedrium
Synedrium, A Rabbinic Or Legal Body In Jerusalem, The Sanhedrin : The Form Sanliedrim Is Based On False Etymology, Suggesting A Hebrew Masc. Plural Ending -im Added To A Non Existent Noun Sanheder. The Oxford English Dictionary (cited In H. W. Fowler's Mod. Eng. Usage, 1926, P. 512) Makes The ...
Synesius
Synesius (c. 373–c. 414), Bishop Of Ptolemais In The Libyan Pentapolis After 410, Was Born Of Wealthy Parents, Who Claimed Descent From Spartan Kings, At Cyrene Between 37o And 375. While Still A Youth (393) He Went With His Brother Euoptius To Alexandria, Where He Became An Enthusiastic Neoplatonist And ...
Synthetic Fibres
Synthetic Fibres. The Commercial Production Of Synthetic Textile Fibres Has Been A Development Dating From About 189o. The First In The Field, And By Far The Most Important Today, Is Rayon, But Within The Decade Of The 193os Many Other Types Of Synthetic Fibres Have Been Developed. All Of These ...
Syracuse
Syracuse, A City Of Sicily (gr. Lvplucoucrat., Lat. Syra Cusae, Ital. Siracusa), The Capital Of A Province Of The Same Name, Situated On The East Coast Of The Island, 54m. By Rail S. By E. Of Catania, And About 32m. Direct. Pop. (1881), 21,739; (1906), 23,25o (town), 35,000 (commune); (town), ...
Syria
Syria, An Independent State Of South-west Asia Placed Under The Mandate Of France (1920). The Region Is Bounded West By The Mediterranean, South By Palestine, East By Mesopotamia And North By Turkey. The Area Of Syria Under The French Mandate Is Estimated At 6o,000 Sq.m. And The Population At Under ...
Syriac Language
Syriac Language. Syriac Is The Name Given To The Language Used By Christian Writers In The Region East Of Antioch, Including The Christian Subjects Of The Persian Empire. It Seems To Have Been Originally The Local Aramaic Dialect Of Edessa (q.v.), Which Became A Centre Of Christianity As Early As ...
Syriac Literature
Syriac Literature. The Use Of Syriac By Christians As A Literary Medium Had Its Original Centre In Edessa (syr. Crhai, Modern Urfa), Where, In All Probability, The Chief Syriac Ver Sions Of The Bible Were Made. The Use Of The Same Dialect Ap Pears In The Earliest Christian Literature Connected ...
Szechuan
Szechuan, The Largest Province Of China Proper, Area Formerly Nearly 220,000 Sq.m., But After The Institution Of Kham (chwanben) Reduced To 16o,000--185,000 Sq.m., With A Popula Tion Only Less Dense Than That Of Shantung, Recent Estimates Varying From 54,500,000 To About 76,613,000. The Heart Of Szechuan Is The Plateau Known ...
Tabernacle
Tabernacle, The Name Given In The English Bible To The Portable Sanctuary, Erected By Moses In The Wilderness As The Place Of Worship Of The Hebrew Tribes (exod. Xxv. Sqq.). It Stood Within A Rectangular Court, Measuring I Oo Cubits By 5o, Say 15o Feet By 75, Which Formed The ...
Table Mountain
Table Mountain (dutch Tafelberg), A Name Fre Quently Given In South Africa To Flat-topped Hills And Mountains, Which Are A Characteristic Feature Of The Scenery. Occasionally Such Hills Are Called Plat, I.e., Flat, Bergen. Specifically Table Mountain Is The Mountain, Which Rises From The Shores Of Table Bay, Cape Town ...
Table Tennis
Table Tennis, A Game Played By Striking A Pale, Hollow Celluloid Ball (44-44ins. Circumference, 37-39 Grs. Weight, Or 37 4igrs. In United States) Over A Net (6ins. High, 6f T. Long) Fixed Across A Dark, Non-reflecting Table Top (9 By 5ft., 3oins. High) With A Racket Of Any Material, Size, ...
Tabriz
Tabriz, Chief Town Of The Province Of Azerbaijan And Second Largest City Of Persia, Lies In The Valley Of The Azi Chai (the Bitter River Which Flows Into Lake Urmia) At An Elevation Of 4,400 Ft., In 38° 4' N., 46° 18' E., And 32o M. N.w. Of Tehran. Over ...
Tabulating Machines
Tabulating Machines Are Mechanisms Controlled By Perforated Cards Which Are Used As Mechanical Aids To Business Methods. The First Modern Device Of This Class Was Designed For The Automatic Tallying Or Tabulation Of Statistics ; But With Exten Sive Development Modern Tabulating Machines Are Capable Of Auto Matically Figuring And ...
Tachometer
Tachometer, An Instrument For Measuring The Speed Of Rotation Of Shafts And Machine Elements. Most Tachometers Have A Rotating Part Which Must Be Connected With The Element Whose Speed Is To Be Measured. With The Hand-type This Driving Relation Is Maintained Only Long Enough To Take A Reading, While With ...
Tacna Arica Question
Tacna-arica Question. The War Between Chile And Peru, Begun In 1879, Was Terminated By A Treaty Of Peace On Oct. 20, 1883, Known As The Treaty Of Ancon. Article 3 Provided That The Peruvian Provinces Of Tacna-arica Should Be Held By Chile For Ten Years, After Which A Plebiscite Would ...
Tacoma
Tacoma, A City Of Washington, U.s.a., On Commencement Bay, One Of The Arms Of Puget Sound, 3o M. By Water South Of Seattle And 151 Nautical Miles From The Pacific Ocean; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Pierce County. It Is On Federal Highway 99 And The ...
Tactical Formations
Tactical Formations. The Line And The Column Are The Two Elementary Tactical Formations, Their Corollaries Being The Skirmishing Line And The Square. All Other Formations Spring From These, And The Smallest Unit Which Can Evolve Them Is One Of Four Men And A Leader. In Practice, However, It Has Been ...
Tactics
Tactics. The Art Of War Differs From The Science Of War As Action Differs From Theory. The Second Discovers The Princi Ples Upon Which The Art Of Waging War Is Founded, And The First Applies These Principles According To Conditions By Means Of The Instrument Of War—the Forces Employed To ...
Tahiti
Tahiti, The Largest And Most Important Of The French Society Islands In The Pacific Ocean, In 17° 38' S., 3o' W. Area About 600 Sq.m. And Population (1931), 16,781. The Chief Town Is Papeete, With 7,061 Inhabitants, Of Whom 2,126 Are French. For An Account Of The Physical Structure, Climate, ...
Taille
Taille, The Equivalent Of The English Tallage (q.v.), Was In France The Typical Direct Tax Of The Middle Ages, Just As The Word Tonlieu Was The Generic Term For An Indirect Tax. Other Words Used In Certain Districts In The Same Sense As Taille Were Queste (questa, Quista), Fouage (foragium), ...
Tailor
Tailor, One Who Cuts Out And Makes Clothes (fr. Tailleur, From Tailler, To Cut, Lat. Talea, A Thin Rod, A Cutting For Planting). Formerly The Tailor, Or Cissor, Made Apparel For Both Men And Women, And Not Merely Outer Garments, But Also Articles Of Linen And The Padding And Lining ...
Tajik Republic
Tajik Republic, A State Member Of The U.s.s.r., So Constituted In 1929, Having Been Created In 1924 An A.s.s.r. Of The Russian S.f.s.r. It Is Bounded North By The Kirghiz S.s.r., South By Afghanistan, West By The Uzbek S.s.r., And East By Chinese Turkestan. It Consists Of Mountain And Plateau ...
Takla Makan
Takla Makan, A Desert Area In Central Asia. This Unit Is The Major Division Of That Portion Of The Tarim Basin Which Stretches Westwards From The Lower Course Of The Tarim River To The Pamirs. Its Borders On The West, North And East Are Formed By The Tiznaf, Yarkand And ...
Talavera De La Reina
Talavera De La Reina, A Town Of Central Spain, In The Province Of Toledo ; On The Right Bank Of The River Tagus, And On The Madrid-caceres Railway. Pop. (1930), 14,876. Tala Vera Is Of Great Antiquity, The Caesobriga Of The Romans. Portions Of The Triple Wall Which Surrounded It ...
Talbot Family
Talbot (family). This Is One Of The Few Families In The English Aristocracy Which Traces Alike Its Descent And Its Surname From The Norman Conquerors Of England. The Name Of Richard Talbot Occurs In Domesday Book As The Holder Of Nine Hides Of Land In Bedfordshire Under Walter Giffard. There ...
Talc
Talc, A Mineral Which In Its Compact Forms Is Known As Steatite, Or Soapstone. It Was Probably The P.ayviins Xibos Of Theophrastus, Described As A Stone Of Silvery Lustre, Easily Cut. The Name Word Comes Indirectly From The Arabic Talq, And Is Not Connected With Swed. Tiilja, To Cut. It ...
Tale
Tale, A General Term, In The Usual Acceptance Of The Word, For Fictitious Narratives, Long Or Short, Ancient Or Modern (o.eng. Talu, Number, Account, Story; The Word Is Common To Many Teu Tonic Languages; Cf. Ger. Zahl, Number, Erzahlung, Narrative, Du. Teal, Speech, Language). In This Article "tale" Is Used ...
Tallage
Tallage Was A Tax Which In England Could Be Imposed By A Feudal Lord Upon His Unfree Tenants. The King Could Tallage The Towns And His Demesne Manors. A Lesser Lord Could Tallage His Demesne Manors. The Royal Tallage Of The Boroughs To Some Extent Took The Place Of Danegeld ...
Tallinn
Tallinn, A Seaport Of Estonia, The Capital Of The Republic, In 59° 26' N., 24° 46' E., On A Bay In The South Coast Of The Gulf Of Finland. Pop. 137,792. Vessels Drawing 3o Ft. Can Enter Or Leave The Port And Lie Alongside The Quays. There Are Floating Docks ...
Tally
Tally. The Wooden Tally Used In Reckoning Comes From Two Primitive Notions; That Of Notching (scoring) A Piece Of Wood For Counting, As Robinson Crusoe Did, And That Of The Broken Stick Shared Between Two Parties To A Bargain : The Developed Tally Com Bines Both. Use Of This Double ...
Talmud
Talmud, The Great Rabbinical Thesaurus Which Was Reduced To Writing During The Second, Fourth And Sixth Centuries Of The Christian Era. That Is The Gemara—thus Instructing Us That All These Were Given To Moses From Literary And Historical Criticism Places The Discussion On Another Basis When It Treats The Mosaic ...
Talys Or Tallisius Tallis
Tallis (tallys, Talys Or Tallisius), Thomas (c. 1515-1585) , Justly Styled "the Father Of English Cathedral Music," Was Born Probably Before 1515. It Has Been Conjectured That, After Singing As A Chorister At Old Saint Paul's Under Thomas Mulliner, He Obtained A Place Among The Children Of The Chapel Royal. ...
Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas, A Northern Gulf-coast State Of Mexico. Area 30,734 Sq.m. Pop. (193o Est.) The Central And Southern Parts Of The State Are Mountainous, But There Are Ex Tensive Fertile Plains In The North Sloping Gently North-east Toward The Rio Grande, And The Coastal Zone Is Sandy, Much Broken By Lagoons ...
Tambov
Tambov, A Province Of The Russian S.f.s.r., Surrounded By Those Of Voronezh, Orel, Tula, Ryazan, Penza, Saratov And Stalingrad. Area 46,742 Sq.km. Pop. (1926) 2,721,173. It Is Much Smaller Than The Pre-1917 Province Of The Same Name, Part Of Which Is Now In Ryazan Province, And Is Included In The ...
Tamils
Tamils, The Sanskrit Generic Appellation For The South Indian Peoples And Their Languages, Which Passed Through Vari Ous Stages—dravida, Dramida, Dramila, Damila. Bishop Cald Well Fully Explains This In His Comparative Grammar Of The Dra Vidian Languages (2nd Ed., 1875, P. 10 Seq.). The Term Tamulic Or Tamulian Has Occasionally ...
Tammany Hall
Tammany Hall. Quite As Old As The U.s. Government, This Powerful Political Organization In New York City Has, With Only Occasional Intermissions, Not Only Ruled That City Since The Year 1800, But At Times Has Exercised Great Influence In State Ad Ministration And Even In National Affairs. A Division Of ...