Tammuz
Tammuz, Sumerian, Babylonian And Assyrian God, Who Died And Rose Annually With Dying And Reviving Vegetation, Originally Dumu-zi, "the Son Who Rises, Goes Forth (from The Nether World)," But Generally Interpreted "faithful Son." Philo Logically Both Interpretations Are Correct, And No Accadian Com Mentary Exists To Explain Which Meaning Was ...
Tampa
Tampa, A City On The West Coast Of Florida, U.s.a., At The Head Of Tampa Bay (gulf Of Mexico), 33o M. S.e. Of Pensacola And 220 M. N.w. Of Key West; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Hillsborough County. It Is On Federal Highways 45 And 92; ...
Tampico
Tampico, A City And Leading Port Of Mexico, In The State Of Tamaulipas, On The North Bank Of The Panuco River, About 6 M. From The Gulf Of Mexico. In Summer The Climate Is Hot And Humid, Although A Sea Breeze Modifies The Temperature Somewhat. In Winter The Temperature Falls ...
Tamworth
Tamworth, Market Town, Municipal Borough, Lichfield Parliamentary Division, Staffordshire, England, On The River Tame. The Rural District Of Tamworth Is In The Tamworth Divi Sion, Warwickshire. Pop. (1930 7,510. It Is 110 M. N.e. Of London On The L.m.s. Railway. The Castle, Situated Above The Anker, Is Chiefly Of The ...
Tana
Tana, A Lake Of North-east Africa, Chief Reservoir Of The Abbai Or Blue Nile. Tana Lies Between I I° 36' And 12° 16' N. And 37° 2' And 40' E., 5,690 Ft. Above The Sea, On The Northern Portion Of The Abyssinian Plateau. Its Greatest Length Is 47 M., Its ...
Tanager
Tanager, The Name Of Birds Of The Family Touzgridae, Allied To The Fringillidae (see Finch), And Distinguished By Their Feebler Conformation And More Exposed Nostrils. They Are Con Fined To The New World, And Are Specially Characteristic Of The Tropical Forests Of Central And South America, Only In A Small ...
Tancred
Tancred (d. 1112), Nephew Of Bohemund And A Grandson Of Robert Guiscard On The Female Side, Was The Son Of A Certain Marchisus, In Whom Some Have Seen A Marquis, And Some An Arab (makrizi). He Took The Cross With Bohemund In 1096, And Marched With Him To Constantinople. Here ...
Tanganyika
Tanganyika, A Vast Lake In East-central Africa, The Longest Freshwater Lake In The World, Measuring About 450 M. With A General Breadth Varying From 3o To 45 M., And An Area Of About 12,700 Sq.m. It Lies At An Altitude Of About 2,536 Ft., Is 4,708 Ft. Deep, Therefore Its ...
Tanganyika Territory
Tanganyika Territory, A Country Of East Central Africa. It Is Bounded East By The Indian Ocean, South By Portu Guese East Africa, South-west By Nyasaland, Northern Rho Desia, West By The Belgian Congo, North-west By Ruanda-urundi And Uganda, North-east By Kenya Colony. It Includes Mafia Island. The Area Is About ...
Tangier
Tangier (locally Tan Ja), A Seaport Of Morocco, On The Strait Of Gibraltar, About 54 M. E. Of Cape Spartel, Nestles Between Two Eminences At The North-west Extremity Of A Spacious Bay. The Town Presents A Picturesque Appearance From The Sea, Rising Gradually In The Form Of An Amphitheatre, With ...
Tanjore
Tanjore, A City And District Of British India In The Madras Presidency. The City Is Situated On The Right Bank Of The River Cauvery, And Is An Important Junction On The South Indian Rail Way, 218 M. S. Of Madras. Pop. (1931) 66,889. As Last Capital Of The Ancient Hindu ...
Tanks
Tanks. The Name Tank Was Given During The World War To The Bullet-proof, Armed Vehicle, Driven By Mechanical Power And Capable Of Crossing Rough Country And Obstacles By The Use Of Caterpillar Tracks. The Name Was First Used In Dec. 1915 As A Blind To Conceal The True Nature Of ...
Tannhauser Or Tanhuser
Tannhauser Or Tanhuser, German Minnesinger Of The 13th Century, Who Lived For A Time At The Court Of Frederick Ii., Duke Of Austria. After Duke Frederick's Death He Was Received At The Court Of Otto Ii., Duke Of Bavaria; But He Spent Much Time In Wandering About Germany. He Also ...
Tannin Or Tannic Acid
Tannin Or Tannic Acid, The Generic Name For A Widely Disseminated Group Of Vegetable Products, So Named From Their Property Of Converting Raw Hide Into Leather (q.v.). They Are Soluble In Water, And Their Solutions Which Have An Acid Reaction And An Astringent Taste, Are Coloured Dark Blue Or Green ...
Tantalum
Tantalum, A Metallic Chemical Element Belonging To A Family Of Three Metals Which Includes Vanadium (q.v.) And Colum Bium (q.v.). It Occurs In Certain Rare But Widely Distributed Min Erals Usually Associated With Columbium. Columbite (massachu Setts), The Native Ferrous Columbate, And Tantalite, Ferrous Tantalate, Frequently Contain Both Columbium And ...
Tantalus
Tantalus, In Greek Legend, Son Of Zeus Or Tmolus And Pluto (wealth), Daughter Of Himantes, The Father Of Pelops And Niobe. He Was The Traditional King Of Sipylus In Lydia (or Of Phrygia), And Was The Intimate Friend Of Zeus And The Other Gods, To Whose Table He Was Admitted. ...
Taoism
Taoism. The Term Taoism Has Two Meanings: (i) The Philosophical System Attributed To Lao Tzu (b. 604 B.c.) And Chuang Tzu (b. 33o B.c.) ; (2) The Popular Religion Of The Chinese. The Taoists Were Mystics, But They Were Practical Mystics, Who Hoped To Realise The Best Social Order Through ...
Taormina
Taormina, A Town On The East Coast Of Sicily (ancient Tauromenium), In The Province Of Messina, From Which Town It Is 3o Tn. S.s.w. By Rail. Pop. It Is A Favourite Winter Resort, Chiefly On Account Of Its Fine Situation And Beau Tiful Views. It Lies On An Abrupt Hill ...
Tapanuli
Tapanuli, A Residency On The 'west Coast Of Sumatra, D. E. Indies, Area, 38,227 Sq.km., Bounded North By Achin, East By The Government Of The East Coast Of Sumatra, South By The Resi Dency Of Sumatra West Coast, And West By The Indian Ocean. It Is Very Mountainous, But Has ...
Tapestry
Tapestry, A Term That Came To Be Applied, In English, To Stout Woven Materials Of Various Kinds For Hangings, Curtains, Coverings And Upholstery. The Word Is Also Heir Of The Term "arras," So Called From The City In Flanders, But Has Gained A Technical Meaning Of Its Own. It Is ...
Tapeworms
Tapeworms (cestoidea Or Cestodes), A Class Of Endo Parasitic Platyhelminthes (q.v.) In Which The Body Is Usually Flattened And Ribbon-like, And May Be Unisegmental Or Composed Of A Chain (strobila) Of "segments" (proglottides). In The Latter Case The Segmentation Is Not Comparable With That Of An Annelid Or Arthropod, But ...
Tapuyan Ges
Tapuyan (ges), A Large And Important Group Of Tribes Of South American Indians, Forming An Independent Linguistic Stock. The Name Tapuya Under Which This Stock Is Usually Known, Is A Tupi (q.v.) Word, Meaning "enemy" Or "stranger," And Was Ap Plied By Them To Tribes Of Other Affiliations As Well. ...
Taranto
Taranto (anc. Tarentum, Q.v.), A Seaport Of Apulia, Italy, And The Capital Of A Province 5o M. From Lecce W. By N. By Road, And 68 M. By Rail (44 M. W. By S. From Brindisi). Pop. (1931) 96,632 (town) 105,946 (commune). The City Proper Is Situated On A Rocky ...
Tarascon
Tarascon, A Town Of South-eastern France, In The Depart Ment Of Bouches-du-rhone, 62 M. N.w. Of Marseilles By Rail. Pop. (1931) 4,666. Tarascon Stands On The Left Bank Of The Rhone Opposite Beaucaire, With Which It Is Connected By A Rail Way Bridge And A Suspension Bridge. The Church Of ...
Tarbes
Tarbes, A Town Of South-western France, Capital Of The Department Of Hautes-pyrenees, 98 M. W.s.w. Of Toulouse On The Southern Railway. Pop. (1931) 28,943. Under The Roman Dominion Turbo, Which Was About 1 R M. S.e. Of The Present Town Of Tarbes, Was The Capital Of The Bigerriones, One Of ...
Tardigrada
Tardigrada, A Class Of Animals Probably Belonging To The Arthropoda And Sometimes Referred To The Arachnida (q.v.), But Without Good Reason. The Bear-animalcules, As These Animals Were Formerly Called, Are All Of Small Size, The Largest Being Not Much Over R Mm. In Length, While Most Of Them Are Very ...
Tarentum
Tarentum, A Greek City Of Southern Italy (gr. Tapas), (mod. Taranto, Q.v.), Situated On The North Coast Of The Gulf Of The Same Name, On A Rocky Peninsula At The Entrance To The Only Secure Harbour In It. The Entrance Was Defended By The Two Islands Called The Choerades (now ...
Tariffs
Tariffs Are Lists Of Articles With Their Import Or Export Duties Noted. The Term Is Also Used For The Laws Regulating The Duties And. In A Number Of Countries, For Any Price Schedules. The Opposition To It In The South Had Reached A Pitch So Intense That Concessions Had To ...
Tarini
Tarini, The River Which Gives Its Name To The Great Basin Be Tween The Tien Shan And Kunlun Mountain Systems Of Central Asia. The Area Of The Basin Is Over 350,000 Sq.m. And The Length Of The River May Be Said To Be About I,000 Miles. The Mountain Frame Dies ...
Tarn
Tarn, A Department Of France, Formed In 1790 Of The Three Dioceses Of Albi, Castres And Lavaur, Belonging To The Province Of Languedoc. Pop. (1931) 302,994. Area, 2,231 Sq. Miles. Tarn Is Bounded North And East By Aveyron, South-east By Herault, South By Aude, South-west And West By Haute-garonne, North ...
Tarn_2
Tarn, A River Of Southern France, 234 M. Long, A Tributary To The Garonne. It Rises At 5,249 Ft. On The Hercynian Gneisses Of Mt. Lozere, Flows Westward And, Having Received The Tarnon, Enters A Gorge In The Jurassic Limestones, Which Separates The Causse De Sauveterre From The Causse Mejan. ...
Tarquinia
Tarquinia (anc. Tarquinii), A Town Of Italy, In The Province Of Rome, 62 M. North-west By Rail From The City Of Viterbo, 490 Ft. Above Sea-level. Pop. (1931), 7,887 (town), 8,402 (commune). It Is Picturesquely Situated, And Commands A Fine View Of The Sea. It Possesses Mediaeval Fortifications, And No ...
Tarragona
Tarragona, The Capital Of The Spanish Province Of Tar Ragona, A Flourishing Seaport, And The Seat Of An Archbishop; At The Mouth Of The River Francoli, 63 M. By Rail W.s.w. Of Barcelona. Pop. (1930) 30,747• Tarraco, The Capital Of The Iberian Cessetani, Many Of Whose Coins Are Extant, Was ...
Tarrytown
Tarrytown, A Village Of Westchester County, New York, U.s.a., On The East Bank Of The Hudson River, 25 M. N. Of New York City, Opposite Nyack; Served By The New York Central Railroad, Interurban Trolleys, Motor-bus Lines, River Steamers And Ferry To Nyack. Pop. 193o, 6,841 Federal Census. North Tarry ...
Tarsus
Tarsus (mod. Tersous), An Ancient City In The Fertile Plain Of Cilicia. The Small River Cydnus Flowed Through The Centre Of The Town, And Its Cool Swift Waters Were The Boast Of The City. The City Is First Mentioned On The Black Obelisk, As Captured By The Assyrians C. 85o ...
Tartan
Tartan, A Worsted Cloth Woven With Alternate Stripes Or Bands Of Coloured Warp And Weft, So As To Form A Chequered Pattern In Which The Colours Alternate In "sets" Of Definite Width And Sequence. The Weaving Of Particoloured And Striped Cloth Cannot Be Claimed As Peculiar To Any Special Race ...
Tartar
Tartar, In Chemical Technology, A Name Applied To Crude Acid Potassium Tartrate (bitartrate Of Potash) Deposited In Wine Casks Or Vats During The Process Of Vinous Fermentation As A Crys Talline Crust Of "argol," Containing About 75% Of Potassium Bi Tartrate. This Argol When Partly Purified By Recrystallisation Is Known ...
Tartaric Acid
Tartaric Acid, Is Now One Of The Most Important Of The Organic Acids And Probably One Of The First To Be Recognised, For Its Sparingly Soluble Acid Potassium Salt (see Tartar) Was Known To The Greeks And Romans In The Form Of A Deposit From Fermented Grape Juice. K. W. ...
Tartu Dorpat
Tartu [dorpat], A Town Of Estonia, Situated On The Embach, In 58° 23' N. And 26° 23' E. Pop. 58,876. Until The Formation Of The Estonian State In 1918 The Town Was Called Dorpat. The Name Tartu Means Lowland Of Tar Or Taara, A God Of Estonian Mythology Probably Related ...
Tashkent
Tashkent, A City Of Asiatic Russia, And The Capital Of The Uzbek S.s.r., In 40 30' N., 69° 20' E., Situated In A Loess Oasis, Watered By The Interlocking Chirchik And Keles Tributaries Of The Syr-darya. Irrigation Cultivation Is Very Ancient In The Oasis ; The Town Itself Dates Back ...
Tasmania
Tasmania, A State Of The Commonwealth Of Australia Consisting Of One Large And Numerous Smaller Islands, The Largest Of Which, King, Flinders And Cape Barren Islands, Lie In Bass Strait (total Area, 26,215 Miles—roughly That Of Scotland—form Ing 0.88% Of The Area Of The Commonwealth). The Island Of Tas Mania ...
Tasmanians
Tasmanians. The Tasmanians, Who Are Now Extinct, Were Of Medium Height, Had Black To Dark Brown Skins ; Woolly Hair; Heavy Brows; Longish, Oval Or Pentagonal, Flattish And Small Sized (cranial Content) Heads; Short Broad Noses And Large Teeth. Shelters. Skins Were Thrown Over The Back Against Rain But Otherwise ...
Tatar Republic
Tatar Republic, An Autonomous Socialist Soviet Re Public, Created In 192o, In The Russian Republic And Bounded On The South By The Provinces Of Ulianovsk And Samara, On The West By The Chuvash A.s.s.r. And The Marii Autonomous Area, On The North By Kirov Province And The Udmurt A.s.s.r., And ...
Tatars
Tatars (the Common Form Tartars Is Less Correct), A Name Given To Nearly Three Million Inhabitants Of The Russian Empire, Chiefly Muslim And Of Turkish Origin. The Majority—in European Russia—are Remnants Of The Mongol Invasion Of The 13th Century (see Mongols), While Those Who Inhabit Siberia Are Survivals Of The ...
Tatian
Tatian (2nd Cent. A.d.), Christian Apologist, Missionary And Heretic. Such Knowledge As We Have Of His Life Is Derived From (i) His Own Oratio Ad Graecos (see § 3) ; (2) Irenaeus, Adv. Haereses, I. 28, I. ; (3) Rhodon, Quoted In Eusebius's Hist. Eccl. V. 13, I; (4) Clement ...
Taunton
Taunton, A Municipal Borough And Market Town Of Somer Setshire, England, On The River Tone, 444 M. S.w. Of Bristol By Rail, On The G.w.r. Pop. (1931) 25,177. Standing In The Valley Of Taunton Dean, The Town Is Chiefly Built On The South Side Of The River. Taunton Is The ...
Taunton_2
Taunton, A City Of Massachusetts, U.s.a., One Of The County Seats Of Bristol County; 35 M. S. Of Boston, At The Head Of Ocean Navigation On The Taunton River, 14 M. Above Fall River. It Is Served By The New York, New Haven And Hartford Railroad And Several Steamship Lines. ...
Taunus
Taunus, A Wooded Mountain Range Of Germany In The Province Of Hesse-nassau. It Lies Between The Rhine And The Main On The South And The Lahn On The North, And Is Some 55 M. Long. Its Southern Edge Stands 5 To 1 O M. Back From The Main, But Slopes ...
Tavistock
Tavistock, A Market Town In The Tavistock Parliamentary Division Of Devon, England, In The Valley Of The Tavy, On The Western Border Of Dartmoor; 161 M. N. Of Plymouth, On Branch Lines Of The G. W. And S. Railways. Pop. Of Urban District (1931) 4,453. There Are Some Remains (including ...
Taxation
Taxation, That Part Of The Revenue Of A State Which Is Obtained By Compulsory Dues And Charges Upon Its Subjects, As Distinct From Revenue From Property Of Its Own. Where The Charge By The State Or Public Authority Bears A Direct Relation To The Service Rendered Direct To The Payer, ...
Taxidermy
Taxidermy, The Art Of Preserving The Skin, Together With The Fur, Feathers Or Scales, Of Animals ; A Skin So Preserved May Then Either Be Retained As A Specimen For Study Purposes, Or Else Mounted For Exhibition In Museums And Private Collections, Or Used As An Ornament. Formerly The Setting ...
Taximeter
Taximeter, A Registering Apparatus Which Records The Fare For The Hire Of A Hackney Carriage Or Motor Taxicab. It Is Put Into Service By The Movement Of A Handle, And Is Operated By One Of The Front Wheels Of The Cab. The Parts Are Indicated In The Diagram. The Star-wheel ...
Tczew
Tczew (german Dirschau) , A Town Of Pomorze, Poland, Pop. (1931) 22,728, On The Left Bank Of The Vistula, 20 M. S. From Danzig, At The Junction Of The Main Railway Lines Danzig-bydgoszcz And Berlin-konigsberg. The River Is Here Crossed By Two Fine Iron Bridges. The Chief Industries Are Railway ...
Tea Consumption And Trade
Tea: Consumption And Trade. The World's Annual Consumption Of Tea Is In The Region Of Goo Million Pounds. This Is Exclusive Of The Tea Consumed By The Population Of China Which, In The Nature Of Things Cannot Even Be Estimated. The Sources Of Supply, With Their Fluctuations During The Last ...
Teachers Registration Council
Teachers Registration Council. Originally Authorized By The English Education (administrative Provisions) Act Of 1907, The Teachers Registration Council Was Established By An Order In Council Of Feb. 29, 1912. It Consisted Of 44 Mem Bers, All Of Whom Were Teachers Or Persons Recently Engaged In Teaching. These Members Were Elected ...
Teak
Teak, One Of The Most Valuable Of Known Timbers. The Sanskrit Name Of Teak Is Saka, And It Is Certain That In India Teak Has Been Known And Used Largely For More Than 2,000 Years. Teak Is A Large Deciduous Tree, Of The Family Verbenaceae, With A Tall, Straight But ...
Tebessa
Tebessa (the Roman Theveste), A Town Of Algeria In The Department Of Constantine, 146 M. S.e. Of Bona By Rail And 12 M. W. Of The Tunisian Frontier, On A Plateau 2,95o Ft. Above The Sea. Pop. (1931) 11,550, 1,712 Are Europeans. The Modern Town, Which Is Within The Walls ...
Technical Education
Technical Education. Technical Education (greek 74)(/77, Art Or Craft) May Be Defined As The Special Training Of Persons In The Arts And Sciences That Underlie The Practice Of Some Trade Or Profession. The Description "vocational Training" (q.v.) Is Often Used, Particularly In The United States, As An Alter Native; And ...