THEODORUS STUDITA [Theodore of the Studion] (A.D. 759-826), abbot of the monastery of the Studion, Constantinople, succeeded his uncle Plato, as head of the monastery of Saccudium in Bithynia in 794. He was banished to Thessalonica in connection with the marriage of Constantine VI. After the emperor's death in 797 he was recalled and removed with his monks to the monas tery of the Studion in Constantinople, where he carried on a vig orous campaign in favour of asceticism and monastic reform. In 8o9 he was again banished in consequence of his refusal to hold communion with the patriarch Nicephorus, who had pardoned the priest Joseph for his part in the marriage of Constantine and Theodore. In 811 he was recalled by Michael Rhangabes, and again banished in 814 for his opposition to Leo the Iconoclast. He was liberated in 821 by the Emperor Michael the Stammerer (Balbus). In 824 he violently attacked Michael for iconoclasm and was forced to leave Constantinople. He lived at various mon asteries until his death on Nov. I1, 826. He was buried at Chal
citis, but his body was afterwards (Jan. 26, 844) removed to the Studion. He subsequently received the honours of canonization. Of his extant works the following are the most important :—The three XO-yot avrtppnrixot and other works in defence of images and his Letters. He was also the composer of hymns; many of which are still extant. Like all the monks of the Studion, Theodore was famous for his calligraphy and industry in copying mss.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.—General edition of his works in J. P. Migne, Patrologia Graeca, xcix., to be supplemented (for the Letters) by J. Cozza-Luzzi, Patrum Nova Bibliotheca, viii. (1871) ; hymns in J. B. Pitra, Analecta Sacra, i. (1876). See also Alice Gardner, Theodore of Studium: his Life and Times (1905). For further bibliographical details see C. Krumbacher, Gesch. der byz. Lit. (2nd ed., 1897) and article by Von Dobschiitz in Herzog-Hauck's Realencyclopiidie fur protestantische Theologie, xix. (1907).