TOLFA, a town of the province of Rome, Italy, 10 m. E.N.E. of Civitavecchia by road, 1,558 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1931), 4,403. It is the chief place in the Tolfa Mountains, an extinct volcanic group between Civitavecchia and the Lake of Bracciano. Vapours are emitted which deposit sulphur and alum, and alum mining is carried on. The alum is treated both here and at Civitavecchia. Near Tolfa and Allumiere tombs of the early (pre-Benacci) Villanovan period, belonging to the 12th century B.C. have been found.
See R. MacIver, Villanovans and Early Etruscans (Oxford, 1924). TOLL, JOHAN KRISTOFFER, COUNT Swedish statesman and soldier, was born at Mollerod in Scania, the son of one of Charles XII.'s warriors. He served in the Seven Years' War. In the coup d'etat of 1772 he ranged himself on the side of Sprengtporten (q.v.), and was told to capture the southern fortress of Kristianstad. By sheer bluff he won over the whole garrison on Aug. 21, seven days later. Gustavus III.'s coup d'etat at Stockholm completed the revolution. Toll was liberally re warded. In 1783 he was placed at the head of the secret "corn mission of National Defence," which ruled Sweden during the king's absence broad. In 1786 he had risen to the rank of major
general and was Gustavus's principal adjutant.
After the death of Gustavus III., Toll was for a short time war minister and commander-in-chief in Scania, and was sent later as ambassador to Warsaw. Unjustly involved in the "Armfelt conspiracy," he was condemned to two years' imprisonment, but was reinstated in 1796 when Gustavus IV. attained his majority. At the riksdag of Norrkoping, 180o, he was elected marshal of the diet and was an able leader of the royalist party. He carried on the negotiations with the Powers concerning Sweden's participa tion in the war against Napoleon. In the Pomeranian campaign of 1807 he helped to defend Stralsund, and on its surrender to Marshal Brune on Aug. 20, he persuaded the latter (Sept. 7) to make a convention by which the Swedish army was allowed to return unmolested to Sweden, and was rewarded by his marshal's baton. In 1814 Bernadotte created Toll a count.
See R. Nisbet Bain, Gustavus III. and his Contemporaries (1895) ; K. N. Liliekrona, Fdltmarskalken Grefve J. K. Toll (Stockholm, 1849-50). (R. N. B.)