ARCHITECTURE), the first university to attempt a comprehensively developed plan was that of Stanford, Cal. (C. A. Coolidge, archi tect; 1886). Developments on a comprehensive pre-arranged plan are at the University of Illinois, Louisiana State university, Uni versity of Rochester, Duke university, Johns Hopkins, Washing ton university (St. Louis), and the University of Minnesota.
The earliest university buildings were designed in the style brought from England by the colonists. New buildings of this character are also found at Harvard, Franklin and Marshall, Rutgers, Delaware, Johns Hopkins and Brown universities. At the end of the 19th century, however, a counter-current set in.
College buildings in English collegiate style having been carried out with measurable success by Cobb at Chicago, Haight at Yale and Cope and Stewardson at the University of Pennsylvania, a predilection for this style arose. Curiously enough, this was more pronounced at the_American universities where the Colonial tradi tion was formerly strong, so at Yale and Princeton, for example, Gothic is seen side by side with the traditional colonial.
Yet another aspect of the development of university architec ture in America is the so-called "sky-scraper" type of building such as is now (1928) under construction at the University of Pittsburgh (Klauder, architect). The building is to have 4o storeys, the centre of population being at the fourth floor. It is an interesting solution of the many problems involved in building for colleges and universities. Some of these problems are to fore see the demands of teaching and the needs of the community; to make the buildings permanent, harmonious entities yet permitting of expansion, with all improvements. See C. Z. Klauder and H. C.
Wise, College Architecture in America (1929). (C. Z. K.)