1 The Federal System
1. The Federal System By The Declaration Of Independence In 1776, The Thirteen American Colonies Of Great Britain Expressed Their Action As That Of "these United Colonies," But The Terms Of The Declaration Im Plied That Each Became An Independent State. The Thirteen United In Declaring Independence And In The ...
17th And 18th Century
17th And 18th Century Foundations Halle And Pietism.—but 1693 Saw The Foundation Of The University Of Halle, Which Has Been Described As "the First Real Modern University." It Originated In A Ritterschule For The Sons Of The Nobility. Leopold I. Granted (oct. 19, 1693) The Requisite Charter. The Primary Object ...
2 Cornelius Van Tromp
2. Cornelius Van Tromp (1629-1691), The Second Son Of The Preceding, Was Born At Rotterdam On Sept. 9, 1629. At The Age Of 19 He Commanded A Small Squadron Charged To Pursue The Barbary Pirates. In 1652 And 1653 He Served In Van Galen's Fleet In The Mediterranean, And After ...
2 Written Constitutions
2. Written Constitutions Under The Federal System It Is Substantially Necessary To Have A Written Document Defining The Organization Of The Central Gov Ernment, And Determining The Respective Powers Of The States And The Central Government. It Was Natural, Therefore, That Articles Of Confederation Should Be Framed For The Creation ...
3 Lake Van
(3) Lake Van, Called Arsissa Palus And Also Thospitis From Its Armenian Names, Is Roughly Rectangular 55 M. Long And 4o Broad, With A Long North-eastern Arm Which Increases The Greatest Length To 8o M. It Stands About 5,26o Ft. Above Sea-level. It Is Without An Outlet, And Its Greatest ...
4 Separation Of Powers
4. Separation Of Powers National And State Governments In The United States Are Each Organized Into Three Departments. The Theory Of Separation Of Powers Is Formally Announced In Forty State Constitutions. In The Remaining Eight State Constitutions And In The Constitution Of The United States The Same Constitutional Result Arises ...
6 The National Government
6. The National Government The National Constitution.-the Constitution Of The United States, Framed In 1787 And Adopted In 1789, Is A Brief And Well Drafted Document. Its Influence Has Been Felt Not Only In The United States, But In The Federal Systems Of Switzerland, Argen Tina, Brazil, Canada And Australia. ...
7 The State Governments
7. The State Governments The Forty-eight State Governments Of The United States Have Cer Tain Common Characteristics. Each State Is Legally The Equal Of Every Other State In The Federal System. Each Controls The Organization Of Its Own State And Local Governments. Each Has A Written Con Stitution Providing For ...
8 Local Government In
8. Local Government In The States What Is Ordinarily Referred To As The "state Government" Is The Central Organization Located At The State Capital. But This Central Organization Does Much The Smaller Part Of The Work Of The State. Unlike The National Government, Which Establishes Its Central Organization For Substantially ...
9 Elections And Political
9. Elections And Political Parties The State Government Has The Primary Responsibility For The Conduct Of Elections, National, State And Local. State Constitu Tions And State Laws Set Up Machinery For The Conduct Of Elections, And Determine The Qualifications For Voting, Subject To The Federal Restrictions Against Discriminations On Account ...
Alexandre Vaida Voevod
Vaida-voevod, Alexandre (1871— ), Ru Manian Statesman, Was Born At Olpret (transylvania) In 1871. He Studied Medicine In Vienna And Practised For Many Years At Karls Bad (karlovy Vary). At The Age Of 28 He Joined The National Rumanian Party Of Transylvania And From 1906-18 Sat In The Hungarian Parliament ...
Amendments To The Constitution
Amendments To The Constitution Of The United States "resolved, By The Senate And House Of Representatives Of The United States Of America, In Congress Assembled, Two-thirds Of Both Houses Concurring, That The Following Articles Be Proposed To The Legislatures Of The Several States, As Amendments To The Constitution Of The ...
Andrews Fig 2 A James
Fig. 2.-(a) James Thomson Isothermal; (b) Isothermals Of Co, (andrews) Zontal Tangent As Shown In Andrews' Diagram, Fig. 'b. The Con Dition For Three Equal Roots At This Point Gives The Critical Rela Tions, As Given By Van Der Waals, Omitting The Reduction Factor A. These Relations Give The Values ...
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron De Laune (1727-1781) , French Statesman And Economist, Was Born In Paris On May Ro, 1727, The Youngest Son Of Michel Ttienne Turgot "provost Of The Merchants" Of Paris. He Was Educated For The Church, And At The Sorbonne, To Which He Was Admitted In ...
Anton 1863 1938 Trumbic
Trumbic, Anton (1863-1938), Yugoslav Statesman, Was Born At Split. He Became Successively Mayor Of Split, And Deputy For The City In The Dalmatian Diet, And After 1907 Deputy In The Austrian Parliament. In 1905 He And His Fellow Dalma Tians, Pero Cingrija, Smodlaka And Supilo, As Delegates Of The Croat ...
Architecture
Architecture), The First University To Attempt A Comprehensively Developed Plan Was That Of Stanford, Cal. (c. A. Coolidge, Archi Tect; 1886). Developments On A Comprehensive Pre-arranged Plan Are At The University Of Illinois, Louisiana State University, Uni Versity Of Rochester, Duke University, Johns Hopkins, Washing Ton University (st. Louis), And ...
Armin 1832 1913 Vambery
Vambery, Armin (1832-1913), Hungarian Orientalist And Traveller, Was Born Of Humble Parentage At Duna-szerdahely, A Village On The Island Of Shutt, In The Danube, On March 19, 1832. He Was Educated At The Village School Until The Age Of 1 2, And Owing To Congenital Lameness Had To Walk With ...
Auctioneers Estate And House
Auctioneers; Estate And House Agents.) (x.) United States.--the American Law Conforms Substantially To The English As Stated Above, Save That There Are No American Stamp Duties In Reference To Valuation. There Are, However, At Least Three Additional Fields In Which Valuation Has Assumed Con Siderable Importance In The United States. ...
Aviation Organization In The
Aviation Organization In The United States Each Of The Three Armed Services Of The United States, The Army, Navy And Marine Corps, Has Its Own Aviation Force Which Functions With And For It, And Each Of These Aviation Forces Is Trained For The Particular Type Of Flying Required By The ...
Beginnings Of Self Government
Beginnings Of Self-government, The American Nation Owes Its Origin To Colonizing Activities In Which The British, Dutch, Swedes, French And Spaniards Bore A Share, And Which Were Continued During A Period Of More Than Two Centuries At The Beginning Of The Modern Era. The Settle Ments Of The Dutch And ...
Caissons Sinking Tubes
Sinking Tubes, Caissons, Coffer-dams, Etc. In 1845, De La Haye, In England, Doubtless Having In Mind The Tedious And Difficult Work Of The Thames Tunnel, Proposed To Make Tunnels Under Water By Sinking Large Tubes On A Previously Pre Pared Bed And Connecting Them Together. Since Then Many In Ventors ...
Chemistry Of Varnishes
Varnishes, Chemistry Of. The Drying Oil Most Commonly Used Is Linseed Oil, Obtained From The Seeds Of Linum Usitatissimum Containing 35-40% Of Oil, Cultivated In Temperate Zones, Especially In Russia, Hungary, France, The United States, Canada And North India. This Oil Consists Of Mixed Glycerides (q.v.) Of Linolenic, Linolic, And ...
Clement Laird Vallandigham
Vallandigham, Clement Laird ) , American Politician, Was Born In New Lisbon, Ohio, On July 29, 1820. He Was Duly Admitted To The Bar In 1842. Elected To The Ohio House Of Representatives In 1845, He Became One Of The Ex Tremists Of The State Rights Democrats Of His Section. ...
Congress Of Troppau
Troppau, Congress Of, A Conference Of The Allied Sovereigns Or Their Representatives To Discuss A Concerted Policy With Regard To The Questions Raised By The Revolution In Naples Of July 182o. At This Congress, Which Met On Oct. 20, 182o, The Emperor Alexander I. Of Russia And Francis I. Of ...
Constant 1810 1865 Troyon
Troyon, Constant (1810-1865), French Painter, Was Born On Aug. 28, 181o, At Sevres, Near Paris, Where His Father Was Connected With The Porcelain Factory. Troyon Was An Animal Painter Of The First Rank, And Was Closely Associated With The Artists Who Painted Around Barbizon. Until He Was Twenty He Laboured ...
Constitution Of The United
Constitution Of The United States Of America Preamble. We, The People Of The United States, In Order To Form A More Perfect Union, Establish Justice, Insure Domestic Tranquil Ity, Provide For The Common Defence, Promote The General Welfare, And Secure The Blessings Of Liberty To Ourselves And Our Posterity, Do ...
Constitutions
Constitutions The Constitution Was Regarded From An Early Date As Law Of A Superior Order And Of A More Permanent Character Than Legisla Tive Acts. Under The First State Constitutions Legislatures Were The Dominant Organs Of Government. They Abused Their Wide Powers, And Helped Develop A Feeling That Legislative Authority ...
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Vanderbilt, Cornelius American Capitalist, Was Born Near Stapleton, Staten Island (n.y.), On May 27, 1794. At The Age Of 16 He Bought A Sailboat, In Which He Carried Farm Produce And Passengers Between Staten Island And New York, In 1813 Carrying Supplies To Fortifications In New York Harbour And The ...
Counts And Dukes Of
Valois, Counts And Dukes Of. The French Countship Of Valois (pagus V Adensis) Takes Its Name From Vez (latin V Adum), Its Early Capital, A Town In The Department Of The Oise. From The Loth To The 12th Century It Was Owned By The Counts Of Vermandois And Of Vexin ...
Declaration Of Independence
Declaration Of Independence.) Weakness Of The General Government.—viewed From One Standpoint, The Declaration Of Independence Was Apparently An Act Of The Utmost Recklessness. The People Were By No Means A Unit In Its Support, And In Several Of The States Widespread In Difference To It, Or Active Sympathy With The ...
Dimensions Of Units
Units, Dimensions Of (including The Principles Of Dynamic Similarity.) In The Article On Physical Units It Is Shown How Certain Units, Or Standards, Of Physical Quantities Have Been Chosen, Enabling Other Amounts To Be Specified As Multiples Of The Respective Standards. It Is Further Described How, In Accordance With The ...
Diseases Of Of Bones
Of; Bones, Diseases Of). It Is Only Found In The Interior Of Bones, Chiefly In Those Of The Arm And Leg. The Degree Of Malignancy Is Low, Dissemination Possibly Never Occurs, And Re Currence After Operation Is Rare. Ii. Epithelial Tumours.— Papilloma.—the Familiar Exam Ple Of A Papilloma Is The ...
Earls Of Ulster
Ulster, Earls Of. The Earldom Of Ulster Was The First Title Of Honour In Ireland Of English Creation, And For More Than A Century Was The Only One. It Dates From A Grant To De Lacy In 1205. Ceeded In The Earldom Of Ulster By His Daughter Philippa, Who Married ...
Edouard Marie Vaillant
Vaillant, Edouard Marie French Politician, Was Born In Vierzon (cher) On Jan. 28, 1840. He Studied Science, Residing In Heidelberg; Tubingen, Vienna. On His Return To Paris He Took Part In The Republic And Socialist Battle Against The Second Empire, Becoming A Disciple And Friend Of Blanqui. On March 18, ...
Emile 1866 1938 Vandervelde
Vandervelde, Emile (1866-1938), Belgian States Man, Was Born On Jan. 25, 1866 At Ixelles Near Brussels. He Stud Ied Law At Brussels University And In 1885 Took His Doctorate In Social Science. In The Following Year He Joined The Belgian Labour Party And Soon Became Its Acknowledged Leader. He First ...
English Mediaeval Universities
English Mediaeval Universities Oxford.—.of The Universities Modelled On That Of Paris, Oxford (q.v.) Would Appear To Have Been The Earliest, And The Manner Of Its Development Was Probably Similar. Certain Schools, Opened Within The Precincts Of The Dissolved Nunnery Of St. Frideswyde And Of Oseney Abbey, Are Supposed To Have ...
Experimental Variation
Experimental Variation The Types Of Variation.—not Everything Differentiating An Offspring From Its Parents Can Be Handed Down To Later Generations (see Above). Only The Alterations Occurring In The Hereditary De Terminers, Or Genes (q.v.), Can Furnish Actually New Materials For The Permanent Fabric Of A Race, And These Changes In ...
Foreign Commerce Of The
Foreign Commerce Of The United States Comparison With Domestic Commerce.-it Is Difficult To Make An Adequate And Equitable Comparison Between Domestic Commerce And Foreign Commerce. At Best, Statistics Are Apt To Mislead Because Of The Failure To Include All Necessary Qualifica Tions. A Few Comparisons Are Hazarded, Nevertheless, As Throwing ...