TROYON, CONSTANT (1810-1865), French painter, was born on Aug. 28, 181o, at Sevres, near Paris, where his father was connected with the porcelain factory. Troyon was an animal painter of the first rank, and was closely associated with the artists who painted around Barbizon. Until he was twenty he laboured assiduously at the minute details of porcelain ornamenta tion. By the time he reached twenty-one he was travelling the country as an artist, and painting landscapes. Troyon was a favourite with Roqueplan, and became one of his pupils. Roque plan introduced Troyon to Rousseau, Jules Dupre, and the other Barbizon painters. In 1846 Troyon went to the Hague, and saw Paul Potter's famous "Young Bull." From the studies he made of this picture, of Cuyp's sunny landscapes, and Rembrandt's masterpieces he evolved a new method of painting, and it is only in works produced after this time that Troyon's true individuality is revealed. Troyon died at Paris on Feb. 21, 1865. All his
famous pictures are of date between 185o and 1864. In the Wallace Gallery in London are "Watering Cattle" and "Cattle in Stormy Weather"; in the Glasgow Corporation Gallery is a "Landscape with Cattle"; the Louvre contains his famous "Oxen Going to Their Work" and "Returning to the Farm"; while the Metropolitan Museum of Art and other galleries in America, con tain fine examples. His "Vallee de la Toucque, Normandy," is one of his greatest pictures. Emile van Marcke (1827-1891) was his best-known pupil.
See H. Dumesnil, Constant Troyon: Souvenirs intimes (Paris, 1888) ; A. Huntin, "Troyon" (1893) ; D. C. Thomson, The Barbizon School of Painters (London, 189o) ; W. Gensel, Corot und Troyon (Leipzig, 1906).