CELLA IZAGE, the number of cellars which a dwelling house requires, whether one or many.
CELTIt DRUIDICAL ARCII1TECTURt. A term applied to a class of structures composed of rough unhewn stones of great size, the erection of which is generally attributed to that tinnily of mankind classed tinder the name of Celts, more especially to the Druids.
These erections are of various descriptions, some consist ing of a single stone, others comprising many hundreds; their arrangement also differs very greatly, yet at the same time there is a general sitnila•ity which readily marks their rela tion. The remains are more numerous in this country than in any other, but they are by no means confineil to it, similar erections being found not, only in the neighbouring islands, in France, Gernuanv, the Netherlands, Poi togal, Sweden, and Demnark, but. also in Phcenicia, Palestine, India, Alala bar. Persia and China, and even in the western continent.
To account for the existence of these works in such remote regions, their construction has been attributed to the Celt:e. These Celts, or as they were termed by the Romans, are supposed to be descendants of Gfomer. the son of Japhet, whose posterity were called after his name, Gionerians, a title which is identical with the C'humerians of the Greeks, and the eimbri of the Latins. That the Celts; were a branch of the same stock as the Cimmerians, is gene rally allowed, and it would seem, that they fidlowed in their migrations a south-westerly course, while the ('immerians pursued a northern, and afterwards a westerly direction. When and where the great family separated is not so univer sally agreed upon, sonic writers asserting that they divided bet; ire they took their departure from the East. others main taining that the separation (lid not take place before they had advanced some distanee into Europe. The latter class of writers, who rest mainly on the authority of I lerodotns, sup pose that the two branches of the one family travelled toge ther until they were overtaken and harassed by the Sey thians. when a large number. the Celia-, moved southward, and spread westward front Asia Minor to Italy, and after wards to Spain and Britain. It is certain that the Cimme were closely followed by the succeeding horde of emigrants, the Scythians, and were by them continually pressed farther westwards; it is also generally allowed, that great Britain was peopled principally by the northern hordes passed thr(High )enma•k and Gaul. If we follow the theory of those who place the separation at the later period on this side the Sea of Azoph, we shall have to account in some other manner fin- the existence of Celtic remains in Sy ria and llhenicia, as well as in India. This difficulty is obviated by attributing the introduction of such a mode of building into this country to the Phomicians; but then we are left to account. fir the appearance of the same in the north. The
siippiirters of this opinion quote the statement of Cesar, that Druidism originated in Britain, and was carried thence to Caul; and Inuit whom, say they, are the Britons likely to have learned it, but from the Ply enicians, with w hum we know they carried on a trade in tin, and who, on account of the advan tages obtained from that traffic, were very jealous of their knowledge of the island being extended to other nations ; it is allowed, that the structures we are considering were closely allied to Druidism. But this theory. as we said bekire, raises the difficulty about the existence of similar works in the north, unless it be admitted indeed that the Pho•icians and the northern tribes are of the same family, and if so, we allow its early separation, which is the fact tbt' which the opposite party contend ; the only ditkrenec being this, that in one case, we need only account for one separation ; while in the other. we must necessarily suppose a second. The fact of the identity of the Phomieians with the northern tribes of the Chnmerians does not rest solely on his toric evidence, it is also demonstrable from other facts. cu•h as the 0(1n11114)11 origin of their languages, and the similarity of their customs and religious observances. As far as the fiirmer is concerned, there seems to lie sunk-iota evidence to show that the Hebrew, Phoenician, Sanserit, Irish, and :\fanx languages, are derived from the same source; and as regards the latter, .11r. B(u-lase, in his attempt to eontoivert the opinion. admits that the customs and ceremonies of Asia and of Northern Europe were known and practised by the British Druids, although he maintains that the Britons had several observances which were peculiar to themselves. It would indeed seem that Druidism appeared in a more matured and systematic form in these islands. than else where. and this is but reasonable, for. as was before remarked, the Cimbriatis were a nomadic race, and were constantly being driven forward by the Scythians ; until, as a last resource, they crossed the German ocean into Britain : here defended on all sides by the sea, they had lout little to tear from their aggressors, and were precluded from making fur ther movements westward ; here therefore they permanently settled. and betook themselves to the arts of peace, and thus \vas their religion elaborated and reduced to a system ; and as, in the ease of Numa, and the early Romans, religion estab lished peace, so in this instance did peace establish and extend religion.