The other flaps may be filled in as the width of the window will admit.
Xote.—We have given this example because the method is general, and will apply to all cases; the workman ought never to trust to the sash-frame being absolutely square, for they seldom are ; and if the variation be ever so small, there will be a very considerable error in the ends of the shutters when enclosed in the boxings. Such distorted examples as the above generally occur in old buildings ; in such this method must be adopted : but also, for the above reason, it ought not only to be employed in old work, but even in new, where the shutters are cut, so that the ends of the shutters may nut only coincide when folded, but also with the sill and top of the sash frame, and also with the meeting rail.
Customary Measures in Joiners' Work, for labour only.
Preparation of boarding by the foot super.—The ditThrent distinctions are—edges shot ; edges shot, ploughed and tongued ; wrought on one side and edges shot ; wrought on both sides and edges shot ; wrought on both sides, ploughed and tongued ; boards keyed and clamped ; mortise clamped ; mortise and mitre, clamped. The price per foot is also increased according to the thickness of the stuff. If the longitudinal joints are glued, so much more is added to the foot : and if fi-ather-tongued still more.
measured by the square, the price depending upon the surfaee, whether wrought or plain, and the manner of the and heading joints, as well as upon the thickness of stuff; or whether the boards are laid one after the other, or folded ; or whether the floor be laid with boards, battens, or wainscot.
Skirtings are also measured by the foot super ; the price depending upon the position, whether level, raking, or ramp ing; or upon the manner of finishing, whether plain, torus, rebated, scribed to floor, or to steps; or upon the plan, whe ther straight or circular.
The price of every kind of framing depends upon the thickness, or whether the framing be plain or moulded ; and if moulded, what kind of mouldings, and whether stuck on the solid. or laid in; whether mitred or scribed ; and upon
the number of panels in a height and breadth ; also upon the nature of the plan.
The various descriptions of wainscoting, window-linings, as backs and elbows. doordinings, jambs and soffits, baek-lining partitions, doors, shutters. are all measured by the foot super.
Sashes are measured by the foot super, as well as the sash frames. The sash and frame are either measured together or separately.
Sky-lights are measured by the foot super, their price depending upon the plan and elevation.
Framed grounds, at per foot run.
Ledged-doors by the foot super.
Dade is measured by the foot super ; the price depends upon the plan being straight or circular, or upon the elevation being level or inclined as in staircases.
In staircasing, the risers, treads, carriages, and brackets, are generally classed together, and measured by the foot super ; sometimes the string-board is also included. The price must be different, as the steps are flyers or winders, or as the risers are mitred into the string-board, the treads dovetailed for balusters, and the nosings returned, or whether the bottom edges of the risers arc tongued into the step. The curtail-step is generally valued as a whole. Returned nosings are sometimes valued at so much each, and if circular are double the price of straight ones.
The hand-rail is measured by the foot run ; the price depending upon the materials and diameter of the well-hole, or whether ramped, swan-necked. level circular, or wreathed; or whether made out of the solid, or in thicknesses. The scroll is paid at per piece ; as is the making and fixing of each joint screw ; three inches of the straight part at each end of the wreath are included in the measurement.
Deal balusters are prepared and fixed at so much each ; as likewise, iron balusters, iron column to curtail, housings to step and riser, common cut brackets, and brackets circular upon the plan, preparing and fixing.