TOOLS, (from the Saxon tot,) implements used by artifi cers in the reduction of any material to its intended form.
The tools employed by the different professions of artifi cers in building are chiefly carpenters' tools, bricklayers' tools, joiners' tools, masons' tools, slaters' tools, and tilers' tools.
The bricklayers' tools have already been described under the article BRICKLAYER, it only remains here to give the reference to the Plate : Figure 1.-The trowel.
Figure 2.-The brick-axe.
Figure 3.-The square.
Figure 4.-The bevel.
Figure 5.-The jointing-rule.
Figure 6.-The jointer.
Figure 7.-The hammer.
Figure 8.-The raker.
Figure 9.-The line-pins.
Figure 10.-The rammer.
Figure 11.-The pickaxe.
Figure 12.-The camber-slip.
Figure 13.-The banker, with the rubbing-stone placed upon it.
The carpenters' tools having been more slightly noticed, we shall here show their uses as they are referred to in the Plate.
Figure 1.-The axe, used in chopping timber by a reci procal circular motion, with the cutting edge of the axe in a vertical plane.
Figure 2.-The adze, used in chopping timber by a reci procal motion in a given plane, which is generally that of a vertical plane, but with the cutting edge describing a cylin dric surface.
Figure 3.-The soeket-chisel, used in mortising large tim bers ; and as the mortise is commonly bored by the auger, the chisel is generally less than the breadth of the mortise.
Figure 4.-The mortise-gauge, with a double tooth, made temporarily to serve only for the framing in hand.
Figure 5.-The square, used in forming right angles, and taking any kind of angles by observing the numbers on the sides of the square.
Figure 6.-The plumb-rule, used in setting work perpendi cular.
Figure 7.-The level, used in setting work horizontal by means of the double square.
Figure 8.-The auger, for boring pin-holes, or holes in mortises, for the more easy cutting with the socket-chisel. Figure 9.-The hook-pin, used in drawboring, or in bring ing the parts of a large frame together.
Figure 10.-The erow-bar, for moving large pieces of timber.
References to Joiners' Tools. See JOINERY.
Plate 1. Figure 1.-The jaek-plane ; a the stock ; b the tote, or handle, which being open on one side, is called a single tote ; c the iron ; d the wedge; e the orifice, where the shavings are discharged. See PLANE.
Figure 2.-The trying-plane. The parts are the same as those of the jack-plane, except that the hollow of the tote is surrounded with wood, and on this account it is called a double tote.
Figure 3.-The smoothing-plane, without a tote, the hand hold at the end of the plane.
Figure 4.-The iron. No. 1, Front view of the cover for breaking the shavings, screwed on the top of the iron, to pre vent the tearing of the wood. Nu. 2, Front of the iron with
out the cover, showing the slit fin• the screws which fasten the cover to the iron. No. 3, The profile of the iron and cover screwed together.
Figure 5.-The wedge, for lightening the iron. No. 1, The longitudinal section of the wedge. No. 2, Front, show ing the hollow below, for the head of the screw.
Figure 6.-The sash-fillister, for throwing the shavings on the bench ; a head of one stem ; b tail of the other ; c d wedge ; e thumb-screw, for moving the stop up and down ; //fence for regulating the distance of the rebate from the arris. See PLANE.
Figure 7.-The for throwing the shavings on the bench. No. 1, Eight-hand side of the plane : a brass stop ; b thumb-screw of ditto ; e d e tooth ; the upper •part c d, on the outside of the neck, and the part d e, passing through the solid of the body, with a small part open above e for the tang of the iron tooth ; the guide of the fence. No. 2, Bottom of the plane turned up : a the guide of the stop ; f f the fence, showing the screws for regulating the guide; g g the mouth and cutting edge of the iron.
Figure 8.-The plough, being the same in every respect as the sash-fillister, except the sole, which is a narrow iron. See PLANE.
Figure 9.-The mallet.
Figure 10.-The hammer.
Figure 11.-The side hook, for cutting the shoulders of tenons.
Figure 12.-The work-bench : a the bench-hook ; b b the screw-cheek ; c e handle of the screw ; d end of the guide.
Plate 11. Figure 1.-The stock, into which is fixed a centre-bit.
Figure 2.-No. 1, The gimlet ; No. 2, The lower part, at full size.
Figure 3.-No. 1, The bradawl ; No. 2, The lower end turned edgewise; No. 3, The lower end turned sideways.
Figure 4.-No. 1, The paring chisel ; No. 2, The lower end turned edgewise with the basil.
Figure 5.-The mortise chisel. No. 1, The side ; No. 2, The front ; No. 3, The lower end, with the basil.
Figure 6.-The hand saw. See SAW.
Figure 7.-The tenon saw ; generally backed with iron. Figure S.-The sash saw ; generally backed with brass. Figure 9.-The compass saw, for cutting in the direction of a curve-line.
Figure 10.-The key-hole saw : a the pad, in which is in serted a spring and two screws for fixing the saw to any length.
Figure 11.-The square a b e the outer square ; d ef the inner square; a d e the stock, or handle ;befethe blade.
Figure 12.-The movable bevel : a b the stock ; b e the blade.
Figure 13.-The gauge : a a the stern ; b b the head, which moves ; c the tooth, for cutting a sharp line on the surface of the wood. Sce GAGE.