WINDOW-FRAMING IN MASONRY WALLS. How window-frames are set, and the woodwork finish attached in masonry walls, is well illustrated in' Fig. 96. It shows a casement window open ing outward in a thirteen-inch brick wall. This type of construction is about the cheapest that can well be employed, excepting of course that the moulded work and other features which are provided for appearance only may be greatly simplified. These features are subject to con siderable modifications as the taste of the archi tect or builder dictates.
The window opening is spanned on top by a flat stone arch, the blocks of which are cut with a camber of one-quarter of an inch and set with a camber of one-eighth of an inch to every foot of span. Flat arches set in this manner give a much better effect than when set per fectly flat, inasmuch as the arch appears to sag in the center when the soffit is perfectly straight.
Back of the stone arch, a rowlock arch is turned over a wood center, and supports the inner two-thirds of the wall over the opening. These rowlock arches are segmental in form, and are built of brick set on edge; and one row lock is provided for every foot in the width of the masonry opening. All rowlocks should start at a brick impost cut to a line corresponding with the radius of the arch; and the key bricks of the lower rings should not be set until the upper rings are ready for their key bricks.
The masonry jamb of the opening is built straight, and the window-frame is secured in place by means of a lug which is left on the jamb of the frame and built into the masonry as the walls are carried up about same. This
lug also serves as a wind stop.
The stone sill of the opening is cut so as to lay up accurately with two courses of brick work, and is tailed into the masonry under each brick impost. The sill is cut with a wash, and has a lug or raised seat at each end to receive the brick imposts. On the under side of the projecting part, a water drip is cut. The stone sill should extend under the wooden sill at least two inches.
At the top, Fig. 96 is a vertical section show ing the construction at the head of the frame. The trim is mitered, put together with slip tongues, and glued. The head lining is tongued into a piece of finishing wood on the inside of the frame head.
Below is a horizontal section showing the construction at the jamb of the frame. The frame is moulded, and, where it abuts the stop bead, a channel is provided to catch any water which may beat in between the sash and frame during stormy weather. This channel conveys the water down, and discharges it on the sill.
The trim is moulded, built up, and hollow backed, and has a feather-edged back-band. At the bottom is a vertical section showing the construction at the sill of the frame. The inside stool is tongued into the wooden sill, extended into the room, and provided with brackets. The apron is moulded, and has returned ends. A small mould is provided in the angle formed by the intersection of the stool and apron. A water nose is cut on the under side of the bottom rail of sash.