The inner and outer 4-inch walls are reinforced to the height of the second floor by 1/4 and %-inch twisted bars. Above this, bars are used entirely, except where the bars arc placed for strengthening the flag-pole socket. Concrete webs at 3-foot intervals con nect the inner and outer walls, reinforced and connected to them by Z-bent bars.
The stairs are of wood, with wrought-iron railings. The scuttle is provided with a window for observation in wet weather. The windows are in all cases double sashed and tight-fitting. For taking outdoor temperature in winter and for other purposes, a wooden set shelter is fastened to the sill of the second story window facing the north.
Heating is provided for by a fireplace and grate on the first and second floors. One flue for both is built into the wall on the southeast side. Close to this are two other flues, to be used for ventilating purposes. All flues terminate flush with the top of the parapet. Louver dampers are used for regulating the opening of the ven tilating flues.
From an architectural point of view the new tower is very attractive. The smooth, clean-cut concrete work, with picked finish, brings out the simple but effective design, decidedly appropriate in a structure of this kind.
Boat-House and Garage. The boat-house il lustrated in Plate 19 is unique in combining with it an automobile garage on the second floor. It is located at Madison, Wis.
The building is 16 by 30 ft. The foundations are 2 feet 6 inches below water level, and the channel walls extend 5 feet 6 inches below water level. No reinforce ment was used in the foundations or in the ground floor. The work under water was done while there was yet ice in the lake, and no waves to contend with, so that the cofferdamming was comparatively easy. The reinforce ment in the walls consists of round rods 16 inches center to center, and fencing. The reinforcement for the second floor and roof was rods, 12 inches centers, and the fencing brought over from the walls so as to make the walls and floor (also roof) as near one piece as possible. The roof is flat, sloping toward the rear. It is at present finished in rough concrete, but is intended to be finished with tar and gravel applied directly on the concrete without the use of paper. The
concrete was mixed sloppy and poured into rough plank frames, and the outside walls were plastered "English rough-cast" after the framing was removed. The fram ing under floor was left 29 days and under roof 24 days. The building is a boat-house below, with a channel extending into the house, and a water gate hung on a concrete weight, that slides up and down in and out of the water, running in an angle-iron track that is embedded in the concrete. The upper floor is intended for an auto-house, and the incline is constructed of rein forced concrete the same as the rest of the building. The pier is 20 feet long, and was constructed November, 1904, and has stood the ice without the least sign of any breakage. There is not a particle of wood in the build ing, and only what can be seen outside (that is, door and windows). The total cost was less than $600.
No columns obstruct the view, other than those shown in the photograph, for concrete arches do away with the necessity of the hereto fore indispensable roof supports.