SMINTHEUS, smin'-thems, epithet of Apollo, either from the town Smin'the, in Troas, or from the mouse (a 0(v0oc), a prophetic animal. SMYRNA, smyr'-na, a famous commercial city of Ionia, at the base of Mount Tmolus. Socti, the allies of the Romans. The population of the Roman world consisted of (1) Cives Romani, who alone enjoyed the full ei'vitas, i.e., the fits suffrzegii, right of voting in the popular assemblies ; jus keTnerum, eligi bility to all public offices ; „hes prOvoca'tiO'nis, right of appeal to the Comitia from any sen tence depriving one of the cdp'ut (i.e., in volving loss of life, personal freedom, or poli tical or social privileges); jus conniabli, right of contracting a lawful marriage ; and jus corn mer'cii, right of acquiring, transferring, or holding property of all kinds according to the Roman laws. These rights might be acquired by birth, gift, or manumission, and some might be held without the others : the rights belonged to the members of the thirty-three tribes at Rome, the citizens of Roman colonies in Italy, and, by gift, to the citizens of certain towns. (a) No'men Lati'nunz, Roman colonies which had not the full citizenship, but stood in the same relation to Rome that the members of the old Latin league had : what these privileges were is uncertain. And (3) Skil, the towns which voluntarily or after conquest had concluded a treaty, fiedus, with Rome, which determined the rights of each town : adminis tared their internal affairs and had the civitas linyarious degrees ; Prafecta'ree were admin- but in oth& Rrg,fect annually sent from Rome, the various hamlets, ob3larl,5'e. the Municipia ;
castella, surrounding a prmfectara, the same relation to it that it itself did to Rome.—Many Roman statesmen had meditated conferring the full civitas on all Italy, as the younger Scipio Afri canus, C. Gracchus, &c. ; and the rejection of the proposal of the tribune M. Livius Drusus to that effect, or B.C., led, all Italy having eagerly expected the franchise, to the Social or Mor alc war, go-89, which broke out at Asculum, in Picenum. The allies intended to make Confinium (Italica) the capital of the new con federation. The Sod; formed two groups, the Marsi, Marrucini, Peligni, Vestini, Picentes, and the Samnites, Lucanians, Apulian. At length they submitted, the franchise being con ferred on them all by the Plautia Pafiirla Lex. Julius Caesar granted the full civitas to Gallia Cisalpina, the emperor Claudius readily sold it for money, and finally Caracalla con ferred it as a gift on all the inhabitants of the Roman empire.