P Ovidius Naso
Ovidius Naso, P., O-vid-i-us Not-so, A Celebrated Roman Poet, Born At Sulmo, 20th March, 43 B.c., Of An Old Wealthy Family, Was Educated For The Bar Under Arellius Fuscus And Porcius Latro, And Afterwards At Athens. After Travelling In Asia And Sicily With The Poet Macer, Ovid Returned To Rome ...
Parcje
Parcje, Fiar'-cce, Or Pita, Called Mainw By The Greeks, The Three Fates, Catho, Atropos, Presided Over All Events, And Were Superior To Even Jupiter. They Were Repre Sented As Lame, Aged Women Or Grave Maidens. The Youngest, Clotho, Who Presided Over The Moment Of Birth, Holding A Spindle (or A ...
Pasiphae
Pasiphae, Daughter Of Sol And Perseis, Married King Minos Ii. Of Crete, And Bore Androgeos, Ariadne, And Phxdra. (see Minotaurus.) Pasithea, )5/7-.1iiie.."-a. I. Or Aglaia, One Of The Graces. 2. One Of The Nereides. Patara, Pat-ii-la, A Dorian Coast City Of Lycia, On The Xanthus, With A Famous Temple And ...
Peloponnesus
Peloponnesus, Pit-o-pon-nz-sus, The Penin Sula Forming The South Of Greece Proper, And Connected With Northern Greece By The Isthmus Of Corinth, Anciently Apia, From King Phoro Neus's Son Apis, Of Argos, Or Argos From Its Early Chief City, Afterwards Peloponnesus, " Isle Of Pelops," From Its Settler Pelops (q.v.), And ...
Pericles
Pericles (-is Or -i), Par'-i-cles, A Famous Athenian Statesman, Of A Noble Family, Son Of Xanthippus And Agariste. He Was Educated Under Damon, Zeno Of Elea, And Anaxagsras. He Entered On Public Life 469 B. C., And Soon Became Head Of The Popular Party. He Pro Cured, On The Proposal ...
Perses
Perses (a), Ter'-sis. I. Son Of Perseus And Andromeda ; Gave His Name To The Persians (formerly Cephenes). 2. The Son Of The Sol And Perse, Was Father Of Hecate, And Brother Of ./eetes And Circe. 3. See Perseus (.* Perseus, Fier'-scus. A. The Famous Sort Of Jupiter And Acrisius's ...
Phcebus
Phcebus (bright), 0 D-bus (see Apollo). Phcenice, ,kle-/21-co, Or Phcenicia, Plutni A Mountainous Coast Country Of Asia, Extending From The Eleutherus On The N., A Little Below The Islet Aradus, To Pelustum On The S., And Having Syria On The E. And The Mediterranean On The W. ; Its Chief ...
Philippus I
Philippus I., Fhil-ii9-13us, Son Of Argwus, Whom He Succeeded As King Of Macedonia, 64o B.c. 2. Ph1lippus Il, Fourth Son Of King Amyntas Ii., Of Macedonia, And Eurydice, Born 382 B.c., Was Carried By Pelopidas As A Hostage To Thebes, Where Lie Learned The Art Of War Under Epaminondas. On ...
Pifineus
Pifineus, Av./1ms. R. A Famous Sooth Sayer, Son Of King Agenor, Of Phoenicia, Or Of Neptune, Became King Of Salmydessus, In Thrace, Or, According To Others, Of Bithynia, And Married Boreas's Daughter Cleopatra (cleobale), Who Bore Him Plexippus And Pan Dion, And, After Her Death, Darclainus's Daughter Idwa (also Called ...
Pindenissis
Pindenissi's, J5z71-dj-/z1v-sus, A Fortress Of Cilicia. Pindus, /5222'-dit.s. Z. A Mountain-chain Between Thessaly, Macedonia, And Epirus, Sacred To The Muses And Apollo. A. Or Acyphas, One Of The Four Towns Of Doris, On The Pindus, A Small Tributary Of The Cephissus. Plaieus,p-rd-us. The Chief Port Of Athens, On The West ...
Pisistratus
Pisistratus, Id-sis'-trii-tus, The Celebrated Tyrant Of Athens, Was Son Of An Athenian Noble Man, Hippocrates. Solon Was His Mother's Cousin-german. During The Absence Of Solon From Athens, The Three Parties Of Attica, 01 Aahxiner; Or The Dwellers In The Highlands ; 01 Qcipun Or, On The Coast, And 01 F..< ...
Pnloponnesiacum
Pnloponnesiacum Belli/ Ai, Jr-tic-u,w Bei-/n/n, The Famous Twenty-eight Years' Contest Between The Two Great Greek Rivals Athens And Sparta, And Their Respective Allies, Arose Really From The Jealousy Felt By Sparta Of The Great Power Athens Had Acquired After The Persian Wars, When The Latter City Became Head Of "the ...
Pollux
Pollux (-ficis), 15.2,-/u.r. A. Called Puy Den'as By The Greeks, Was The Brother Of Castor (q. V.). 2. J., A Greek Writer Under Commtidus, Born At Naucratis, In Egypt, Taught Rhetoric At Athens, And Wrote An Extant Greek Lexilogus. X. Of Macedonia, Wrote An Extant Work In Eight Books On ...
Polydectes
Polydectes, Iwo-dee-ms, Son Of Magnes, Was King Of Seriphos, And Received Danae (q. V.) And Her Babe Perseus When Brought To Him By The Fisherman Dictys. From His Treat Ment Of Danae, Polydectes Was, With His Com Panions, Afterwards Changed Into Stone By Perseus (q.v.) With Medusa's Head. (see Pollux, ...
Pompeii
Pompeii, ,tom-fii"-1-i, A Coast City Of Cam Pania, At The Base Of Vesuvius, By The Great Eruption Of Which It Was Overwhelmed With Ashes, &c., A.d. 79, Along With Hercula Neum And Stabim. It Had Been Rebuilt Only Sixteen Years Before, After Being Laid In Ruins By An Earthquake. Many ...
Pretoriani
Pr.etoriani, ,oree-tli-ri-k'mi, Or Cortonries Prmiireal/e, Co-her'..tes The Impe Rial Development Of The Republican Arbors Pra To' Rid Or Body-guard Attached Temporarily To The Roman Commander-in-chief In The Field To Protect His Person And Execute His Orders, Were First Constituted A Distinct Corps By Augustus, Who Levied Ten Cohorts Of Z,000 ...
Priamus
Priamus, „orr-o-mus. Z. The Last King Of Troy, Was Son Of Laomedon (q.v.) And Strymo (or Placia), And Originally Named Podarces. ,6o-dar'-ces (swift Footed), Which Was Changed Into Priamus (ransomed) After Being Redeemed By His Sister Hesio'ne From Hercilles, Who Had Seized Troy. When Placed On The Throne By Herefiles, ...
Prietor
Prietor, Fired-tor, A Curdle Magistracy, In Stituted When The Consulship Was Thrown Open To The Plebeians, 367 N.c., To Separate The Judicial From The Consul's Other Functions, And Retain The Former For The Patricians ; But The Prxtorship Was Thrown Open To The Plebeians, 337• At First There Was Only ...
Prometheus
Prometheus, .pro-me'-theus (forethought), Son Of The Titan Iapetus And The Oceanid Clymene, And Brother Of Atlas, Mencetlus, And Epimetheus (afterthought), Was Renowned For His Cunning, And The Benefits Conferred By Him On Men. To Punish Men, Jupiter Had Taken Away Fire From Earth ; But Prometheus, By Minerva's Aid, Climbed ...
Protagoras
Protagoras, ,fird-teig'-e-ras, One Of The Most Celebrated Sophists, Born At Abdera, In Thrace, About 48o B.c., Was At First A Porter, And Then Became A Disciple Of Democritus. He Taught In Various Cities, And Was The First Sophist To Receive Pay For Teaching. He Had Numerous Pupils, And Is Said ...
Provincia
Provincia, Pro-vin'-a-a, The Sphere Of Ac Tion, Or The Territory Of The Jurisdiction Of A Roman Magistrate ; .thus, The Jurisdiction Of The Praetor Urbanus Was Promncia Urbana. The Conquests Of Rome Were, As They Were Obtained, Mapped Out As So Many Provincim, Each With A Governor (see Pr&tor) ; ...
Ptolemeus
Ptolem.eus, Pteil-xence-us. T. Soter, So'-ter (preserver) Or Lo'ves, The First Of The Ptolemies, Was Son Of The Macedonian Lagus (q. V.), And Educated At The Court Of King Philip Of Macedonia, Whose Reputed Son Be Was. He Went To The East With Alexander, On Whose Death, 323 B.c., He Obtained ...
Publican I
Publican I, Filth-it-01'4d, The Contractors Who Undertook To Levy, In Italy And The Pro Vinces, The Dues Let Out To Them On Lease, And To Pay A Fixed Sum Annually Into The Treasury At Rome. They Were Designated Diva Nta'ni, Sc1iparier7i, Or Pm-hares, According As They Levied The Dk'zimee (tithes ...
Punicum
Punicum Bellum, The Great Contest, Consisting Of Three Separate Wars, Between The Romans And The Pceni, As The Carthaginians Were Called By The Romans. The Development Of Rome In The First Instance Was Necessarily Westwards, From Her Physical Situation, And Therefore, When She Stepped Beyond Italy Seawards, A Collision Was ...
Puteoli
Puteoli, A Noted Port Of Cam Pania, East Of Cumm, Was Founded Under The Name Dlerear'chla, By A Greek Colony From Cumm, 521 B.c., And Subsequently Named Puteoli, Either From The Great Number Of Mine Ral Wells In Its Neighbourhood, Or From The Stench Of The Waters. It Was Colonized ...
Pyrrho
Pyrrho (-anis), The Founder Of The Pyrrhonists' Or The Sceptics' School Of Philo Sophy Among The Greeks, Was A Native Of Elis, And In His Youth Maintained Himself By His Paintings. He Afterwards Studied Under Bry Son And Anaxarchus, And Is Said To Have Gone With The Latter In The ...
Pytheas
Pytheas, P9'-ml-as, A Native Of Massilia (marseilles), Temp. Alexander The Great, Dis Tinguished As A Geographer And Astronomer. He Travelled Extensively. .2371-thi-a. I. Apollo's Priestess At Delphi, Consecrated To Celibacy And The Service Of The God For Life, Was Always A Native Of Delphi, And In Early Times Always A ...
Qwestor
Qwestor, Guars'-tor, Or Qujesitor, Qua-sr Tor, A Name Applied In Common To The Members Of Two Sets Of Roman Magistrates, Who Pep. Formed Very Different Functions. They Were 1. Qu.estores Ferarii, Qua's-to'-res The Commissioners Of The Treasury (and The Record-office), Annually Appointed By The Senate To Receive, Take Charge Of, ...
Regulus
Regulus, Re-gli-ins. X. M. Arimus, -/r Us, Celebrated For His Simplicity Of Life, Fru Gality, And Heroic Conduct In The First Punic War ; Was Consul 267 B.c., When He Conquered The Sallentines ; When Consul A Second Time, 256, With His Colleague L. Manlius Vulso Longus, He Crossed Over ...
Roma
Roma, Rd'-ma, A Famous City Of Italy, For Centuries The Mistress Of The Civilized World, Situated About Sixteen Miles From The Sea, In N.w. Latium, On The Left Bank Of The Tiber, On The Far-famed Seven In The N., S. Of It The Pell:hm:1s, S. Of The Latter, And Nearly ...
Samnites
Samnites Sam-ni'-tes, Or Samnit,e, Sain-ni'-ter, The Sabine Immigrants Into Sam Nium, Sane-wi-um, A District Of Central Italy, Bounded On W. By Latium And Campania, N. By The Marrucini, Peligni, And Marsi, E. By The Frentani And Apulia, S. By Lucania. These Migratory Mountaineers Were Very For Midable To Rome, With ...
Saturnia
Saturnia, Sti-r70"-iti-a. Z. Italy, From Its King In The Golden Age, Saturn. 2. Juno, As The Daughter Of Saturn. 3. Or Aurinia, An Ancient Town Of Etruria, Near Caletra. Saturninus, L. Appule1us, Sii-tur-nr-nus, Afi-pa-lei'-us, A Roman Demagogue And Sup Porter Of Marius ; Was Tribune Of The Plebs 102 N.e., ...
Schines
&schines, As'-chin-es. 7. An Athenian Orator, Rival Of Demosthenes, About 342 B.c. : Son Of Atrometus, He Boasted Of Noble Descent, But Was Reproached By Demosthenes For His Low Birth. Their Rivalry Began When Ambassadors At Philip's Court, 347, Where Aschines Was Bribed : Aschines Impeached Ctesiphon When He Proposed ...
Scipio
Scipio (-onis), Ser'-if-a, A Celebrated Family Of The Cornelia Gens, Named From Its Founder Having Conducted His Blind Father, And Served As A Staff To Him, Produced Many Of The Highest Magistrates, Of Whom The Most Illustrious Were —x. P. Cornelius, Cor-nelli-us, Master Of The Horse To Camillus, 396 Ise., ...
Sena
Sena, Se'-net. A. A Coast Town Of Umbria. 2. Julia,j1v-ii-a, A Town Of Etruria. S.ex At Us, Se-nd-tees. 1. At Rome, The (ounce' Of Eleicrs, First Instituted By Romulus, Who Created Too Pat'res, Or Senators. To These Too More Were Added On The Union With The Sabines (titienses, Under Titus ...
Servo
Servo, Ser'-vi, Slaves. I. Among The Romans, Persons Might Become Slaves By Their Mother Being A Slave At The Time Of Their Birth, By Being Taken In War, Or As A Punishment For Heinous Offences. The Slaves Had No Personal Or Political Rights, And Could Not Contract A Regular Marriage, ...
Sextus Empiricus
Sextus Empiricus, Sex'-hes Enz-fie-rf-cus, A Physician Of Mytilerffi, About A.d. 18o, Studied Under The Sceptic Herodotus Of Tarsus. He Carried To An Extreme The Sceptical System Of Pyrrho, His Maxim Being Oe.uo Uaxxov, I.e., No One Thing Deserves To Be Preferred To Another, For All Things Are Uncertain, And The ...
Smintheus
Smintheus, Smin'-thems, Epithet Of Apollo, Either From The Town Smin'the, In Troas, Or From The Mouse (a 0(v0oc), A Prophetic Animal. Smyrna, Smyr'-na, A Famous Commercial City Of Ionia, At The Base Of Mount Tmolus. Socti, The Allies Of The Romans. The Population Of The Roman World Consisted Of (1) ...
Socrates
Socrates, S,3'-crei -tes, The Famous Athenian Philosopher, Son Of The Athenian Statuary Sophroniscus And The Midwife Phmnarete, And Husband Of The Shrew Xanthippe, Born B.c., Served In The Battles At Potidma, Delium, And Amphipalis, And Was A Senator, 406. He Was Brought Up As A Statuary, But Abandoned His Profession ...
Sophene
Sophene, Sii-ymegne, A District Of Armenia. Sophistje, So-fitis'-ter, A Name Under Which A Large Number Of Persons Are Included, Who Had Nothing More In Common Than The Carry Orals, Politics, And Religion, Of Ing Rivellectual Tendency Of Their Age. The Original Meaning Of (roc P To- R Was Equivalent To ...
Sora
Sora, T. A Town Of Latium, On The Liris. 2. A Town Of Paphlagonia. Soracte, A Mountain Of Etruria. Sosigenes, An Astronomer, 46 B.c., Assisted Cmsar In Reforming The Calendar. Somus, As'-8-us, Two Brothers, The Sash, Were Noted Publishers At Rome Temp. Horace. Sospita, Sod-fl-ta (saving Goddess), Juno. Sparta, Spar'-tez, ...
Soter Antiochus I
Antiochus I., Soter, An-tp-d-chus, So'-ter. T. Son Of Seleucus, Was King Of Syria 280-26r B.c., Allied With King Ptolemy Ii., Philadel Phus, Of Egypt, Married Bis Stepmother Strata Nice, And Was Killed Fighting Against The Gauls. 2. Antiochus Ii., The Son And Successor Of Antiochus Soter, 26x : Put To ...
Stolo
Stolo, Cal' -vus Ste-o, Tribune Of The Plebs, 376-367 B.c., Maintained, With His Colleague L. Sextius, The Plebeian Struggle For Equality, And Succeeded In Practically Concluding It By Passing, After Ten Years' Agitation, The Licinian Laws, Which (a) Abolished Consular Tribunes, And Enacted That One Of The Consuls Should Be ...
T Pontus
Pontus, T. See Euxinus. 2. A Mountainous Country Of North-eastern Asia Minor, Bounded On E. By Colchis, W. By The Halys, N. By The Euxine, S. By Armenia, And Named From Being On The Coast Of (1), Was Divided Into Porius Giillit'icus In The West, Of Which Amasia Was The ...
Tarquinii
Tarquinii, Tar-quid-i-i, A City Of Etruria. Tarquin1us, Tar-quid-i-us. I. Priscus, L., Oris'-cus, The Elder Tarquin, The Fifth King Of Rome, Was Son Of A Corinthian, Demar5tus, Who Settled At Tarquinii, In Etruria. Tarquin Married Tankuil, An Etruscan Woman, And He Removed To Rome, An Eagle Swooping Down Upon Him, Lifting ...
Thersites
Thersites, Mgr-sr-ps, A Deformed Greek ' Officer Before Troy, Fond Of Reviling The Rals, Especially Agamemnon, Achilles, And Ulysses. He Was Killed By Achilles For Laughing At The Death Of Penthesilea. Tursaus, The'-seus, King Of The Athenians, (theseld,e), Was Son Of Legeus (q. V.) And King Pittheus's Daughter /ethra. On ...
Tiberius
Tiberius, The Second Roman Emperor (tiberius Clau'dhes Drie Sus Ilfr's Cdsar), Was Son Of Livia (q. V.) And Tiberius Claudius Nero, And Born 42 N.c., After His Mother's Marriage With Augustus, By Whom, With His Twin Brother Drusus, He Was Adopted. He Obtained Several Military Successes In Spain And Germany, ...
Tribuni
Tribuni, Tpi-bfi'-ni. R. Plebis, /3/i•'-bi.t, The Tribunes Of Me Gammons. Annul Mouton Officers, Instituted After The First Secession Of The Plebs, 49.4 !ix To Protect Their Interests, The Plebs Being Then Excluded From Political Offices And Status, And Overwhelmed With Debt. From The Characteristics Of This Office, It Is Evident ...
Ulysses
Ulysses, T[-lys'-ses, Called Odys'sens By The Greeks, The Famous Wily Chief Of Ithaca, Son Of Laertes (or Sisithus) And Anticlea (q. V.), Succeeded To The Throne Of Ithaca On The Abdication Of Laertes. He Married Penelope, After Having Advised Tynclatus To Bind All The Suitors Of Helen By An Oath ...
Vipsanius Agrippa
Agrippa, Vipsanius, Z. Conqueror Over Sextus Pompey, Was Distinguished At Actium And Philippi, And Victorious In His Expeditions Into Gaul And Germany : He Embellished Rome With Splendid Buildings, Among Which Was The Pantheon ; After Two Years' Retirement At Mytilene, From A Quarrel With Marcellus, He Was Recalled By ...
Zama
Zama, Eh Ni-a, A Town Of Numidia, Near Which Scipio Defeated Hannibal, 202 B.c. Zamolxis, Zh-mol'-xis, Or Zalmou'is, A Slave And Disciple Of Pythagaras, Returned To His Countrymen, The Getm, And Taught Them. Zela, Zi'-ia, A City Of Southern Pontus, Where Cmsar Defeated Pharnaces, 47 B.c. Zel1a, El-i1'-a, A City ...