ANTIOCHUS I., SOTER, an-tP-d-chus, so'-ter. t. Son of Seleucus, was king of Syria 280-26r B.C., allied with King Ptolemy II., Philadel phus, of Egypt, married bis stepmother Strata nice, and was killed fighting against the Gauls. 2. ANTIOCHUS II., the son and successor of Antiochus Soter, 26x : put to death the tyrant Tintarchus, of Miletus : he ended the war which had been begun with Ptolemy, whose daughter Berenice he married ; where upon his former wife, Laodice, by whom he had two sons, poisoned him, 246, and made Artemon, who was like Antiochus, represent him, till her son was firmly fixed in power, when she killed Berenice and her son. 3. ANTIOCHUS III., THE GREAT, the brother of Seleucus Ceraunus, was king of Syria 223-287 B.C.: he was defeated by Ptolemy Philopator at Raphia, 217 • warred with Persia, and took Sardis ; and, after Philopator's death, tried to crush his infant son Epiph5nes, but was pre vented by the Romans: he conquered the greater part of Greece, and was encouraged by Hannibal to invade Italy ; but his measures were dilatory, and he wan obliged, 191, to retire beyond Mount Taurus and pay a yearly fine of 2,000 talents to the Romans, to meet which he attempted to plunder the temple of Heins, in Susiana, when he was killed by the inhabi tants, 187. As a king he had been humane and liberal, and the patron of learning : he left three sons, Seleucus Philopator, who suc ceeded him, Antiochus Epiphanes, and Deme trius, who were kept as hostages by the Romans. 4. ANTIOCHUS IV., EPIPHANES, 1-150M-d-nes (Illustrious), reigned over Syria. 175-164 B.C., after the death of his brother Seleucus ; he destroyed Jerusalem, and was so severe to the Jews, that they called him E finui nes (nzad): he ineffectually tied to plunder Persepolis. He was childish, not to say a fool, and a glutton. 5. EUPATOR euVii-tor, succeeded his father, Epiphanes, in Syria, 164 B.C., made a peace with the Jews, and was assassinated, 262, by his uncle Demetrius. 6. ENTHEOS, en'-the-de, son of Alexander Bala, reared by Malcus, an Arabian : received the crown of Syria from Tryphon, 244 n.c., in opposition to his brother Demetrius ; but was murdered by Tryphon 343 B.C. 7. SIDRTES, Si-de-ieS, king of Syria 137-128 n.c., killed Tryphon, warred with King Phraates, of Parthta, and fell in battle. 8. GRYPUS, grY-pus (from his aguili4e nose), son of Demetrius Nicanor and Cleopatra, made his mother drink the poison she had prepared for him ; warred with his rival for the throne of Syria, his half-brother Alexander Zebina, with whom he at length divided the kingdom, and was murdered, 96 B.C. 9.
CYZICENUS, C:y"2-t-fi'421/.5 (because educated at CyzIcus), son of Antiochus Sidetes by Cleo patra; wrested Ccele-Syria from his brother Grypus, 252 n.c. ; was conquered by his nephew Seleucus near Antioch ; and fell in battle, 95. He invented some useful military engines. re.. The son of Antiochus Cyzicenus, ironically named EUSEBES, eu'-si..bis, for having married Selena, the wife of his father and of his uncle : expelled Grypus's son Seleucus from Syria, 95 B.c. ; and fell in war with the Parthians. Ir. ASIATICUS, son of Eusebes, received the Syrian throne from Lucullus, the Roman general, 69 B.C., on ex pulsion of King Tigranes, of Armenia ; but was deposed by Pompey, and Syria made a Roman province, 65. 12. A philosopher of Ascalon, treated -with great respect by his pupils, Lucullus, Cicero, Brutus. z3. A native of Syracuse, son of Xenophanes, wrote a his tory of Sicily. 14. A commander of the Athenian fleet, under Alcibiades, defeated by Lysander. 15. A servant of Aerials. 16. A sculptor, said to have made the statue of Pallas, in the Ludovisi gardens at Rome. ANTIOPE, an-i5'-J- i. r. A daughter of King Nycteus, of Thebes, by Polyxo : became pregnant by Jupiter, and, to avoid her father's wrath, fled to Mount Cithmron, where she bore the twins Amphion and Zethus, who were exposed, but preserved : she then fled to King Epopeus, of Sicyon, who married her. According to others, Epopeus carried off Antiope and her father ; and afterwards his brother Lycus, on succeeding him on the throne, warred with Epopeus, who was killed, and Antiope recovered and married by her uncle Lycus. His first wife, Dirce, imprisoned her for some years, when Antiope escaped to her sons, who took Thebes, put Lycus to death, and tied Dirce to a wild bull, which dragged her till she died; but Bacchus changed Dirce into a fountain, and deprived Antiope of her senses : she wandered about Greece, mid was at last cured and married by Phocus, son of Ornytion. Antiope is also called daughter of Asopus; perhaps two of the name have been confused. a. A daughter of Thespius, bore Alopius to Hercules. 3. See HIPPOLYTE.
4. A daughter of lEolus, bore Bceotus and Hellen to Neptune. 5 A daughter of Pilon, married Eurytus.