HEIGHTENING THE LIGHTS.
The chief lights are top of forehead, one on each brow, clown bridge of nose, on cheek bone, over upper lip, on lower lip, and on the chin. Each of these must be preserved, and kept in proper tone con trast with the others. Remember that the strongest light will be that nearest the source of light. if the picture is already fully dark, the best effect will be obtained by enlarging and increasing the lights. For this purpose, a. stick of ink eraser and a scalpel will be required. The scraper used in retouching may, however, be employed, and answers well. The scal pel referred to is one employed by sur geons, and is obtainable at any surgical instrument maker's. It is essential, what ever is used, that the edge of the scraper should be turned over, to scrape the film to the best advantage. The print must be thoroughly dry. On no account com
mence to scrape up a picture which is not absolutely dry. Even if the print has stood for a little while in a room, in a damp atmosphere, it will never scrape pro perly. The best plan is to leave the scrap ing until last, if working in powders ; as powders rubbed over a part which has been scraped always come up roughly, and cannot afterwards be properly smoothed out again. The general rule, therefore, is to smooth the face as much as desirable, and then put in the lights. One cannot emphasise too strongly the necessity for great care that no character in the face i6 lost. This can only be assured by a thorough knowledge of faces in general, and the keenest observance of their pecu liarities. A practical acquaintance with anatomy will be found most helpful.