Of dyeing Cotton and Linen violet.
To communicate a violet colour to cot ton and linen, they commonly receive first a blue ground in the vat, proportioned to the shade required, and are then dried. They are afterwards galled with the pro portion of three ounces of galls to every pound of stuff; and being left in this bath for 12 or 13 hours, are wrung out and dried again. They are next passed through a decoction of logwood, and when thoroughly soaked and taken out, the bath receives an addition of two drams of alum, and one of dissolved ver digrise, Jim every pound of the yarn. The skeins are then dipped again on the skein sticks, and turned for about 15 minutes, when they are taken out and aired ; they are next immersed in the bath for 15 mi nutes, taken out and wrung. To com plete the process, the vat employed is emptied ; half of the decoction of log wood not before used is now poured in, with the addition of two drams of alum, and the yarn is again clipped in it till it has acquired the shade proposed, which most always regulate the strength or Weakness of the decoction of logwood. This colour bears the air tolerably well, but is much inferior in permanency to that which is obtained by the use of madder.
Of dyeing Wool orange.
Orange, being a mixture of yellow and red, may be communicated by the pro cesses for dyeing scarlet in which yellow is used, by diminishing the proportion of red, and increasing that of yellow. Wool d red by madder, and afterwards yel w by weld, acquires a cinnamon colour, for which the most proper mordant is a mixture of alum and tartar. The shades may be varied at pleasure, by substituting other yellow dye stuffs for weld, and by altering the proportions as circumstances may require. Wool receives a reddish yellow, by bein5 passed through the madder bath after having been dyed yellow. Brazil wood is sometimes em ployed with yellow substances singly, or mixed with cochineal and madder, to produce this colour. When, instead of weld, or other yellow dyes, walnut-tree root, walnut-peels, or sumach, are used, snuff, chesnut, musk, and other shades, are obtained.
Of dyeing Silk orange shades.
Marones, cinnamons, and all the inter mediate shades, are given to silk, by log wood, Brazil, and fustic ; a bath is pre pared by mixing decoctions of these three woods made separately ; the proportion of each is varied according to the shade required, but that of fustic ought to pre vail ; the bath should be of a moderate temperature ; and the silk, after being scoured and alumed in the usual man ner, is immersed in it. The silk is turn ed on the skein sticks in the bath, and when taken out, if the colour be uniform, it is wrung, and dipped in a second bath of the three ingredients, the proportions of which are regulated according to the effect of the first bath, in order to obtain the shade required.
For some colours blue is united to red and yellow ; it is thus olives are produc ed ; a blue ground is first given, then the yellow dye, and lastly a slight madder mg. Olive may be dyed without using the blue vat, by dipping the silk in a very strong weld bath, after being first alumed ; to this a decoction of logwood is afterwards added, and when the silk is dipped, a little solution of alkali is put in, which turns it green, and gives the silk the olive colour. The silk is repeatedly dipped in this bath until it has acquired the proper shade.
A kind of reddish olive is produced by a bath of fustic, to which more or less copperas and logwood have been added. Russet-olive is dyed, by adding fustic and logwood to the bath after welding. The addition of logwood alone gives a redder colour, if such is required.
Of dyeing Cotton and Linen orange shades.
By beginning with weld and verdigris, cinnamon colour is given to thread and cotton, which are then dipped in a solu tion of copperas, wrung, and dried. When dry, they are galled with three ounces of galls to the pound dyed ; they are then dried again, alumed as for red, and mad. dered. After being then washed, they are put into very warm soap-suds, and turned till they are sufficiently brighten ed; a decoction of fustic is sometimes added in the aluming.