M. d'Apligny states, that a fine olive may be imparted to cotton and thread from four parts of weld and one of potash, boiled in a sufficient quantity of water, and Brazil wood, which has been steep ed one night, boiled separately with a little verdigris, by mixing the two decoc tions in the proportions the shade re quires, and immersing therein the thread or cotton.
• • Of dyeing Cloth brown or grey.
To impart a brown shade, the stuff es soon as dyed is dipped in a solution of copperas, to which an astringent has been added; which is better than mixing cop peras with the bath, as some do.
Coffee, damascene, and other shades, are produced, by giving the cloth first a colour more or less deep, according to the shade wanted, and then dipping it in a bath of galls, sumach, alder-bark, and copperas, according to the effect de sired.
Blue-greys are given by solution of in digo in sulphuric acid, combined with a mixture of decoction of galls and coppe ras. Other shades are obtained by a bath of cochineal, fustic, and galls, to which copperas is added.
For marone, and similar colours, soun ders and galls are employed ; and some times a browning with the addition of logwood. These colours may be made to incline to crimson or purple, by adding a small quantity of cochineal or madder. A little tartar gives brightness to the co lour. With a mixture of galls, ffistie, and Dogwood, some madder, and a little alum, hazel colours are produced.
Of dyeing Silk dark mixed colours.
Silk may be dyed a violet purple, with out a blue ground, by preparing it with a mordant of two ounces of alum, one ounce of solution oftin, and half an ounce of muriatic acid, to each pound; steeping It twelve hours in a mixture of one part of galls dissolved in white wine, with three parts of water ; and then, after wringing, dyeing it in a bath composed with two ounces of cochineal and a small quantity' of iron liquor, till the intended shade is given., Madder may be used in the same way.
Colours resembling that of bricks may be produced, by immersing silk in an an notta bath, after preparing it with a mix ture of solution of galls and iron liquor. By the combinMion of brazil, logwood, and galls, and by browning with copperas, a nnmber of different shades tee dyed : but though their brightness is pleasing, they are not permanent.
Of dyeing Cotton and Linen dark mixed colours.
Thread and cotton may be dyed a per manent violet, by submitting them, after Icing scoured in the common mode, to mordant prepared by boiling two quarts )f iron liquor with four quarts of water, for every pound, carefully removing all the scum, and adding to this liquor pour eel into a vat, while warm, four ounces of, sulphate of copper, and one ounce of ni tre, to the quantity stated. In this the skeins are steeped ten or twelve hours, wrung out, and dried, and then dyed in a madder bath, if suitable to the shade wanted. If a deep violet is required, two ounces of verdigris must be added to the bath ; and the colour becomes still deep er, by galling the yarn more or less be fore it is steeped in the mordant, if the nitre be omitted, if the proportion of nitre is increased, and the sulphate of Copper diminished, the violet inclines more to lilac. By modifying the mordant in different ways, a number of different shades may he produced.
To dye cotton different shades of ma. tone colour, it is galled, dipped, and work ed in the usual way in a bath, to which more or less iron liquor has been added. It is then washed in a bath mixed with verdigris, welded, and dyed in a bath of fustic, to which a solution of alum and soda are sometimes added : it is then completely washed, after that well mad dered, then dipped in a.weak solution of sulphate of copper, and lastly in soap suds.
For some hazels and snuff colours, a browning is sometimes given by soot, after the welding, and a madder bath, to which galls and fustic have been added ; the soot is sometimes mixed with the bath : a browning is likewise given by solution of copperas. Walnut peels are also used for the same purpose : the colour they impart is rather dull, but it is not liable to be changed by the air into a yellower shade, as is the casein the brownings imparted by means of iron. The goodness of this dye, and its cheap ness, are sufficient to recommend its use for grave colours, which are sometimes fashionable.
For calico printing, see CALICO Frint.. ing.