NEUMAN, (Gswisn, M. D.) in bio graphy, an eminent chemist, was born in 1683, at Zullichau, in the dutchy of Cros son, in Brandenburg, of which place his father was a burgher and apothecary. He ,was brought up to his father's profession, and in 17u5, went to Berlin, where be en gaged in the service of the King of Prus sia. After having accompanied him in his journeys for some years he was allowed to study at the university of Halle, and was then sent, at the King's expence, to travel for improiement in chemical know ledge. In 1711, he visited the German mines, and thence passed into Holland, where he attended the lectures of the il lustrious Boerhaave. Thence he Went to England, wheie &be news of the death of his sovereign, in 1713, somewhat derang ed his plans. He again visited Holland, and in 1716, accompanied George I. King of England, to Hanover. On repairing to Berlin, he obtained the friendship of Stahl, physician to Frederick-William, who procured an order for him to resume his travels at the expence of the court. He visited France and Italy, every where increasing his stock of scientific know ledge, and forming connections with men of eminence. Upon his return to Berlin he was appointed court-apothecary ; and when the King, in 1723, established a col lege of medicine and surgery in his capi tal, Neuman was nominated to the chair of Chemistry. He received the degree of M. D. from Halle, in 1727, and in that year travelled through Silesia and Moravia, to Vienna, returning by Bohemia and the mining country of Saxony. His reputa tion now extended to the different coun tries of Europe, and he was elected a member of the Royal Society of London, of the Imperial Academy Nature Curio sorum, and of the Institute of Bologna. In 1734, he made the tour of the New Marche and Pomerania, where he disco vered the true origin of Ostescolla. He
became dean of the college of Berlin in 1736, and died in that city 1737. The works published by Dr. Neuman, in his lifetime, consist chiefly of dissertations in the Latin language, inserted in the " Phi losophical Transactions of London," the "Ephemerides Acad. Nature Curioso rum," and the Miscellanea Berolinensia, and of others in the German language, published separately. After his death two different copies of his " Chemical Lectures" were given to the public : one, in two editions, at Berlin and Dresden, from notes taken by one of his pupils, in termixed with compilations from differ ent authors ; the other by the booksellers of the Orphan Hospital of Zullichau, front papers in Neuman's own hand-writing: of this there have been two impressions, the first in a large form, the second in an abridgment; which last, however, con sists of two volumes, quarto. From this Dr. Lewis has made an excellent English translation in two volumes, octavo, still further abridged, but better methodized, and enriched with notes. "Neuman's Lectures," says Dr. Lewis, "are a valu ableine of chemical knowledge. The magazine biassed by no theory, and attached to no opinions, has enquired by experiment ipto the properties and uses of the most considerable natural and arti ficial productions, and the preparation of the principal commodities which depend on chemistry ; and seems to have candid ly, and without reserve, communicated all he discovered." Such a work must retain its value, notwithstanding the great modern changes in chemical theory.