SALVAGE is a term -used in marine and fire insurance to denote a thing saved from the loss insured against. In this article the word is used, in another usual sense, to denote the recompense paid for saving a risk at sea. It also means the services rendered in the course of saving such a risk. Where services are rendered wholly or in part within British waters in saving life from a British or foreign vessel, or elsewhere in saving life from a British vessel (and, in cases where a foreign government agrees, from any vessel of that country), there is payable to the salvor, or person rendering the services, by the owner of the vessel, cargo, or apparel saved, a reasonable amount of compensation called " salvage." Salvage for the preservation of life is pay able in priority to other claims for salvage. Salvage is also payable for assisting a vessel wrecked, stranded, or in distress at any place on or near the coasts of the Uni ted Kingdom or any tidal water within its limits, or saving the cargo or apparel of that vessel. Procedure in salvage.—Disputes as to salvage when not otherwise settled may in some cases be determined sum marily, and in these cases are referred to a Court or arbitrators. In most cases an appeal lies. Where a dispute arises the receiver of wrecks of the district may appoint a valuer to value the property, and he is required to give a copy of the valuation to both parties. Where salvage is due the receiver generally detains the vessel, cargo, apparel, or wreck until payment is made, and in some eases may sell the detained property. A salvor may voluntarily abandon his lien upon a ship, cargo, and property alleged to be salved. Where the amount of salvage payable is less than 19200, and a dis pute arises as to the apportionment thereof among several claimants, the person liable to pay the amount may pay it to the receiver, who apportions it amongst the persons so entitled. In other cases any Court having Adniiralty jurisdiction may apportion the salvage money. See WRECKS.
law relating to sale by sample is noticed in the article on the SALE OF GOODS ; and some details of the customs regulations in certain foreign countries and of the British Colonies as to the admission therein of travellers' samples is given in the article on FOREIGN COM MERCIAL TRAVELLING. In this article will be first noticed the British customs restrictions upon the importation and exportation samples and patterns ; then will be given an outline of some of the regulations con cerning the taking of samples of goods in bond in the United Kingdom ; and finally, the opportunity will be seized to refer, very slightly, to the subject of sample museums.
Importation and exportation of travellers' samples and Importation. — Samples and patterns introduced into this country from niost foreign states by commercial travellers who themselves accompany them, may be admitted duty free, even though they are of a character properly subject to duty. Certain conditions must be complied with, however ; and in particular it is necessary that the articles do not bear any marks in contravention of the Merchandise Marks Act. At the place of the importation of the articles the customs officers ascertain the amount of duty with which they are chargeable, and that amount must either be deposited by the importer at the Custom House in money, or he may give a bond therefor. Where a bond with sureties is given, the importer must be the principal party to it. Then, in order that the goods may be identified, each separate pattern or sample is, as far as possible, marked by a stamp or seal. And, finally, a permit or certificate is given to the importer. This document contains :—(a) A list of the patterns or samples, specifying their nature and also their identifying marks ; (b) a statement of the duty chargeable, and whether the amount thereof has been deposited or a security therefor been given ; (c) a statement showing the manner in which the patterns or samples were marked ; and (d) the appointment of a period, not exceeding twelve months, at the expiration of which, unless it is proved that the samples or patterns have been previously re-exported or placed in bond, the amount of duty deposited will be forfeited or the security realised. No charge is made for this permit or certificate, or for marking for identification. The patterns or samples may be re-exported through the Custom House through which they were imported, or through any other. If before the expiration of the specified period the patterns or samples are presented at any Custom House for re-exportation, or to be placed in bond, the officers certify the re exportation or deposit in bond and refund the deposited duty or discharge the security.