STANDARD OF is usual in most works of reference to set out a table of the standard of value and moneys of account of the principal countries of the world showing, particularly, the usual values in English money of the principal foreign coins. These values, which in many instances are very different in amount to those at which the moneys exchange in actual practice, are set out in a table in the Appendix, wherein will also be found the equivalents in United States currency. Here follows a table of approximately equivalent values at which money may be transmitted to and fro between the United Kingdom and the principal foreign countries by means of money orders.
term, derived from the Latin word for tin, has the general signification of mines and works where tin is got and purified, but in its particular signification it refers to the tin mines and works of Devonshire and Cornwall. In those counties there has been from time immemorial a body of local law and custom relating to tin mining and working and the " tinners " or miners, which was administered by local courts known as Stannary Courts. Now, however, the jurisdiction of the Stannary Courts has been vested by statute in the local county courts. In the same counties, and incidental to tinning, is also found that peculiar form of partnership or trading company known as the "cost-book system."
A cost-book company has as its representative to the public an official known as a " purser," whose duties also include the nianagement of the affairs of the company on behalf of its members. Membership of such a company involves very different rights and obligations to membership of a company registered under the Companies Acts with limited liability. A member, as a rule, is individually liable to pay direct to a creditor any debt properly incurred by the purser on behalf of the company ; and consistently with this liability such a creditor may sue any member individually. I3ut eacli member is entitled to accounts and contribution from his fellow-members without proceeding to a dissolution of the company. A niember is not bound to retain his share in the company at the will of his fellow-members; he may relinquish it at any time, subject to an account being taken between himself and them. And so he may transfer his share without the consent of his fellow-members. The wages of miners are a first charge on the assets of a cost-book company, and their payment and recovery, in case of arrears, are specially provided for in the Stannaries Act, 1887, which also deals gene rally with this subject.