Using this table as a basis and roughly estimating the other parts of the world we obtain the following:' 'These estimates depend on the following assumptions, which are based on the countries given in the table. The estimates here given probably put Africa and especially South America too high because they assume a value which depends partly on the available land per person. Eastern and southern Asia rank very low in this respect.
Europe: Portugal, $500; Rumania, $400; Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, $300; lold Turkey, $200.
North America: Cuba, $400; Porto Rico, $200; Haiti and San Domingo, $100. South America: Chile, $1000; Uruguay, $1000; Brazil, $600; Bolivia and Peru, $300; Paraguay, $100; remainder, $200.
Africa: S. Africa, $700; Tunis and Algeria, $250; Egypt, $200; Morocco, $150; remainder, $100.
Asia: Siberia, $400; Persia, $200; Arabia, $100; remainder including East Indies, $150.
Australasia: New Zealand, $2000.
The noteworthy feature of this table is that while both North America and Australia surpass Europe in wealth per person, the total wealth of all the rest of the world comes to only 415 billion dollars compared with 370 billion for Europe. Even with the reductions due to the war, Europe is probably still the wealthiest of the continents, and does the largest business.
Indirect Elements in the Business Activity of position of Europe in the world's business rests on ideas as well as on material factors. A large share of the world's advanced ideas are European. Although America made great contributions, France and England were the cradle of modern democracy. Although Christianity originated a little beyond the limits of Europe, the form in which it now influences the world came largely from that continent. In the same way modern education, philosophy, literature, art, and music are all essentially European. The modern sciences of physics, chemistry, geology, botany, biology, geography, psychology, and sociology likewise had their birth) or at least a large part of their development in Europe. Even now the) aggregate contribution of all the countries of Europe is probably greater) than that of North America, or of all the other continents combined. In mechanics and machinery this has likewise been true from the time of the British invention of the steam engine clown to the wireless tele graph and the extremely rapid improvement by Europeans in the air planes which the Americans, Langley and Wright, first made practical. Only within a generation or two have the contributions of non-Eur peans played any large part for a thousand years or more, and event.
without them Europe and the world as a whole would be almost aFi advanced as at present.
These matters have a close bearing on business. People deal with those whom they know. Many a man passes several stores where he could buy what he wants in order to reach a store which is not a bit better, but where he is acquainted with the clerks and knows the work ings of the establishment. People likewise often refuse to take a fine nd of goods of which they have never heard, and insist on something ose name they know even if it is not so good. This may be foolish, t it is human nature. In the same way a country or continent which flown everywhere for its progress in government, religion, literature, science, and invention attracts business. Of course the United tes possesses these advantages to a certain extent, but nothing like highly - as all the countries of Europe combined. The spread of rope's ideas does much to create Europe's business.
The Influence of Europeans on Foreign way in which Europe increases her business is by sending her sons and daughters to all parts of the world. Before the war this process was going on with great speed, as appears in the accompanying table, so that upwards of two million colonists went out from Europe every year. Thus Europe has peopled the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, and the best parts of Brazil, Cuba, Ind South Africa, and has furnished most of the upper classes in all the )ther countries of Latin America. All these places do a great deal of ousiness with Europe simply because the present inhabitants or their mcestors came from there, their language and habits are like those of Europe, and they naturally turn to Europe both for ideas and for ? usi ness.
Even more important than the colonists, from the business stand mint, are those who go to foreign lands, but expect to return " Home." Europe excels in this type of wanderers. The pioneers among them ire often explorers. Such men as Marco Polo, Columbus, Champlain, md Humboldt illustrate the extraordinary ability of the men who have one out from Europe to explore the rest of the world. After the 'xplorer comes the missionary. The Jesuit Fathers in Canada, Carey in India, and Livingston in Africa, were among the great missionary Foioneers. These men and their modern successors have unconsciously )roved among the most competent agents in opening up new lines of msiness for the countries from which they come.