Antinomy
An'tinomy, The Word Used By Kant To Mark The Inevitable Conflict Or Contradic Tion Into Which, In His View, The Speculative Reason Falls With Itself When It Seeks To Conceive The Complex Of External Phenomena, Or Nature, As A World Or Cosmos. Literally, The Word Means A Conflict Or Opposition ...
Antioch
Antioch, The Ancient Capital Of The Greek Kings Of Syria, Was The Most Magnificent Of The 16 Cities Of That Name Built By Seleucus Nicator. Its Situation Was Admirably Chosen. The River Orontes, Issuing From The Mountains Of Lebanon, Flows N. As Far As The 36th Parallel Of Lat., And ...
Antiochus
Anti'ochus, A Common Greek Name, Was Borne By 13 Kings Of Syria, 4 Kings Of Commagene (a Small Country Between The Euphrates And Mt. Taurus), And Many Other Persons Of Note (see Smith's Dictionary Of Greek And Raman Biography). A. Soter, The First Of The Syrian Dynasty, Or Seleucidm, As ...
Antipathy
Antipathy Is The Term Applied To A Class Of Cases In Which Individuals Are Disagree Ably Affected By, Or Violently Dislike, Things Innocuous Or Agreeable To The Majority Of Mankind. These Peculiarities Are No Doubt Sometimes Acquired In Early Life By Injudi Ciously Terrifying Children With Some Object, The Mental ...
Antipeon
An'tipeon, The Earliest Of The 10 Attic Orators In The Alexandrine Canon, Was The Son Of Sophilus The Sophist, And B. At Rhamnus In Attica 480 B.c. In His Youth, The Remitation Of Gorgias, The Most Showy And Insincere Of All The Greek Rhetoricians, Was At Its Height. A. Soon ...
Antipodes
Antipodes, A Word Of Greek Origin, Signifying, Literally, Those Who Have Their Feet Over Against Each Other. As Applied To Geography, The Term Means The Inhabitants Of Any Two Opposite Points Of The Globe, Or, In Other Words, The Dwellers At The Opposite Extremities Of Any Diameter Of The Earth. ...
Antipope
An'tipope Was A Pontiff Elected In Opposition To One Canonically Chosen. The First Antipope Is Reputed To Be Laurentius, Elected 398, In Opposition To Symmachus. Several Emperors Of Germany Set Up Popes Against Those Whom The Romans Had Elected Without Consulting Them. Otho The Great Displaced Successively Two Bishops Of ...
Antique
Antique'. As The Term Ancients Is Commonly Applied To The Greeks And Romans, The Word A. Is Used With Reference To Their Works Of Art, Especially Their Incomparable Sculptures. The A. Style In Works Of Art Is Distinguished By Critics From The Romantic Or Mediteval, And Also From The Modern. ...
Antiseptics
Antiseptics Are Substances Which Arrest The Putrefactive Changes That Dead Vege Table And Animal Matter Is Liable To Undergo When Exposed To Air, Warmth, And Moisture. A. Are Therefore Anti-putrescents; And The Term Itself Indicates The Office Which The Members Of The Class Fulfill (anti, Against, And Septikos, Putrefactive). The ...
Antitropology
Antitropol'ogy (ante), The "science Of Man," Or Natural History Of Mankind; In The General Classification Of Knowledge, The Highest Section Of Zoology Or The Science Of Animals, Which Is Itself The Highest Section Of Biology Or The Science Of Living Beings. To A. Contribute The Sciences Of Anatomy, Physiology, Ethics, ...
Antitthenes
Antitthenes, Founder Of The Cynic School Of Philosophy, Was The Son Of A., An Athe Nian. The Date Of His Birth Is Not Known, But Be Fought In His Youth At Tanagra (420 U.c.), And He Survived The Battle Of Leuctra (371 B.c.), And Died At Athens At The Age ...
Antivaros
Antivaros (anciently Called Olearos Or Oliaros), One Of The Cyclades Islands, Cele Brated For A Stalactitic Cave, Is Separated From Faros By A Narrow Strait. It Contains About 400 Inhabitants, And Forms A Part Of The Eparchy Of Naxos. A. Is 7 M. In Length By About 3 In Breadth; ...
Antoine Andreossy
Andreos'sy, Antoine Francois, Count, Was K On Mar. 6, 1761, At Castelnaudary, In Languedoc, And Was The Great-grandson Of Francois A., Who, Along With Riquet, Con. Structed The Canal Of Languedoc In The 17th Century. He Entered The Army As A Lieutenant Of Artillery In 1781, Joined The Revolutionists, Rose ...
Antoine Arnauld
Arnauld, Antoine, Known As "the Great A.," The Twentieth And Youngest Son Of The Preceding, Was B. At Paris, Feb. 6, 1612. Although Originally Intended For The Bar. Lie Could Not Conceal His Dislike Of The Legal Profession, And Was In Consequence Dedicated By His Mother To The Service Of ...
Anton Ulrich
Anton Ulrich, Second Son Of Duke Ferdinand Albert Of Braunchweig-wolfenbut Tel (till 1735, Braunchweig-bevern, The Title By Which The Prince Was First Known In Russia), Was B. In 1714. When The Russian Empress Anna Was Looking Out For An Alliance For Her Niece, Anna Carlowna, Princess Of Mecklenburg-schwerin, The Influence ...
Antoninus
Antoni'nus, 31ancirs Aunemus, The Son Of Annius Verus And Domitia Calvilla, Was B. At Rome On The 20th Of April, 121, A.d. His Original Name Was Marcus Annius Verus. On The Death Of His Father, He Was Adopted By His Grandfather, Who Spared No Pains To Render Him Pre-eminent In ...
Antoninus Pius
Antoni'nus Pius, Trrus Aiire'liiis Fulvcs, A Roman Emperor (138-161 A.d.). Was B. In The Reign Of Domitian (86 A.d.). The Family Of A. Was Originally From Nematistis, Now Nimes, In Gaul. A. Inherited Great Wealth, And Early Gave Proof Of Excellent Quali Ties. In 120, He Was Made Consul; Afterwards ...
Antonius
Anto'nius, Marcus (mark Antony), The Roman Triumvir, B. In 83 N.c., A Descend Ant Of One Of The Oldest Patrician Families, Was The Son Of The Praetor M. Antonius Creticus, And, On The Side Of His Mother Julia, Was Related To Julius Caesar. His Youth Was Wasted In Dissipation, And ...
Antrim
Antrim, A Maritime Co. In The N.e. Of Ireland, In The Province Of Ulster; Bounded, N., By The Atlantic; W., By The N. Part Of The River Bann, Dividing It From Londonderry, And By Lough Neagh; S., By Lagan River, Separating It From The Co. Of Down; S.e., By Belfast ...
Antwerp
Antwerp (in French, The Capital Of The Province Which Bears Its Name, And The Chief Commercial City Of Belgium, Is Situate On The River Scheldt. Pop. '76, 150,650. Its Chief Public Institutions Are—the Academy Of Sciences, Academy Of Paint Ing And Sculpture, Formerly Known As The Academy Of St. Mark, ...
Aorta
Aorta Is The Great Arterial Trunk Which, Rising From The Left Ventricle Of The Heart, Sends Its Branches Ramifying Through The Whole Body. The A. In Man Is Subdivided By Anatomists Into The Arch, The Thoracic A., And The Abdominal A. The Arch Is A Loop With The Convexity Directed ...
Apanage
Ap'anage Is Not An English Legal Term, But Is A Technical Word In The French' Law, In Which System It Signifies The Assignment Or Conveyance By The Crown Of Lands And Feudal Rights To The Princes Of The Royal Family, That They May Be Enabled To Maintain Them Selves According ...
Apatite
Apatite Is The Scientific And Commercial Name Applied To A Mineral Mainly Consist Ing Of Phosphate Of Lime (bone-earth), And Which For Some Years Past Has Been Largely Used In The Preparation Of Manures. It Is Employed For The Same Purpose As Bones Or ' Bone-ash—namely, To Supply Phosphoric Acid ...
Apelies
Apelies, The Most Celebrated Painter In Ancient Times, Was The Son Of Pythias, And Was Probably, In Accordance With The Statement Of Suidas, Born At Colophon, On The Ionian Coast Of Asia Minor; Though Pliny And Ovid Call Him A Coati, And Strabo And Lucian An Ephesian. This, However, May ...
Apennines
Ap'ennines (ital. Appenntni; Anciently, Lat. Mons Apennnius), A Mountain-chain Extending Uninterruptedly Throughout The Whole Length Of The Italian Peninsula. It Lies Between 37° And 44° 30' N. Lat., And 7°40' And 18° 20' E. Long., And Belongs To The System Of The Alps, From Which It Branches Off At The ...
Aphasia
Aphasia (gr. A, Not, And Phasis, Speech) Is A Term Adopted By The Eminent French Physician, Trousseau, To Denote A Remarkable Symptom Of Certain Conditions Of The Ner Vous System In Which The Patient Is More Or Less Unable To Express His Thoughts In Speech. The Disease Has Been Casually ...
Aphis
Aphis, A Genus Of Insects Belonging To The Order Hemiptera, Sub-order Homoptera The Type Of A Family Called Aphidii. They Are Small Insects, Living By Sucking The Juices Of Plants, Upon Which They May Be Seen Congregated In Immense Numbers, Often Doing Serious Injury, Causing The Distortion Of Leaves, And ...
Aphonia
Apho'nia (gr. A, Not, And Voice) Is The Term Used In Medicine To Signify A More Or Less Complete Loss Of Voice. It Is Altogether Distinct From Mutism, In Which It Is Impossible To Form Articulate Sounds, And In Most Cases The Voice Is Not Entirely Gone, But Only More ...
Apocalyptic Literature
Apocalyptic Literature, Alleged Prophecies, Epistles, Etc., Of Late Jewish, And Early Christian Origin, Written Or Compiled In Or Near The Two Centuries Preceding And The Two The Birth Of Christ. Of The Jewish, The Most Famous Is The Book Of Enoch, Quoted In The Epistle Of Jude, Long Lost, But ...
Apollinaris
Apollina'ris, The Younger, Bishop Of Laodicea In Syria (362), And One Of The Warm Opponents Of Arianism. Both As A Man And A Scholar, Lie Was Held In The Greatest Reverence; And His Writings Were Extensively Read In His Own Day. His Father, A. The Elder, Who Was Presbyter Of ...
Apollonius
Apollo'nius, Of Tyre, The Hero Of A Greek Romance, Which Enjoyed Great Popularity In The Middle Ages, And Was Translated Into Almost All The Languages Of Western Europe. In It Are Related The Romantic Adventures Which Befell A., A Syrian Prince, Previous To His Marriage With The Daughter Of King ...
Apology
Apology. The Term Is Now Commonly Understood As Synonymous With An Excuse For Breach Of An Engagement, Etc., But Was Originally Used As The Title Of Any Work Written In Defense Of Certain Doctrines, As In The A. Of Socrates, Ascribed To Plato And Xenophon; The A. For The Chrivians, ...
Apon Or Amboyna
Amboy'na, Apon Or Trrau The Most Important Of The Spice Islands Belonging To The Dutch, Lies S.w. From Ceram, And N.w. From Banda, In 127° 51' 30"-128° 22' 15" E. Long., And 3 26' 40"-3° 49' S. Lat. Area, 287 Sq.m The Bay Of A. Runs Into The Island Lengthways, ...
Apoplexy
Apoplexy Is A Term Applied To An Engorgement Of Blood, With Or Without Extrava Sation, In Or Upon Any Organ, As The Brain (cerebral A.), The Spinal Cord Or Lungs (pulmonary A.). As Popularly Used, The Term Denotes Vaguely A Condition Arising From Some Disturb Ance Within The Head. A. ...
Apostle
Apostle (gr. Apostolos, Sent Forth, Sent On A Mission), Any Messenger Whatever, But Especially Used To Denote The Twelve Disciples Whom Jesus Sent Forth To Preach The Gospel. Their Names Were Simon Peter, Andrew, John (the Son Of Zebedee), James (his Brother), Philip, Bartholomew (called Also Nathaniel), Thomas, Matthew (surnamed ...
Apothecary
Apothecary, The Name Formerly Given In England And Ireland To Members Of An Inferior Branch Of The Medical Profession. The A. Was In England A Licentiate Of The Apothecaries' Society Of London; In Ireland, A Licentiate Of The Apothecaries' Hall Of Ire Land. Up To A Comparatively Recent Period, However, ...
Appalachians
Appalachians, The General Appellation Of The Great Mountain-system—called Also The Alleghanies—which Stretches From The Interior Of Maine To The Borders Of Alabama, Its Distance From The Sea Gradually Ranging Between About 100 M. In The N. And About 300 In The S. Speaking Generally, Tins Chain May Be Regarded As ...
Apparitions
Apparitions. The Belief That The Spirits Of The Departed Are Occasionally Presented To The Sight Of The Living, Has Existed In All Ages And Countries, And Usually Declines Only When A People Have Advanced Considerably In The Knowledge Of Physical Conditions And Laws. Not That A. Then Cease To Be ...
Appeal
Appeal, In The Civil Procedure Of Courts Of Justice, Signifies The Removal Of A Suit From One Court Or Judge To Another And Higher Court Or Judge, In Order That The Latter May Examine The Validity Of Time Former's Judgment, Either Affirming Or Reversing, Altering Or Varying The Judgment. A., ...
Apple
Apple, Pyrus Mains. (for The Generic Character, See Pvnus.) This Well-known Fruit Has Been Very Long Cultivated, And By That Means It Has Been Very Much Improved. It Was Extensively Cultivated By The Romans, By Whom, Probably, It Was Introduced Into Britain. The Wild A., Or Cumt-tree, A Native Of ...
Appointment
Appointment. In The Law Of England There Are Frequently Reserved In Common Law Conveyances Granted On A Consideration, And In Family Settlements, Certain Powers, As They Are Called, Such As Powers Of Jointuring, Selling, Charging Land With The Payment Of Money; And The Subsequent Exercise Of The Power Is Called ...
Apportionment
Apportionment Is A Legal Term Derived From The 4 And 5 Will. Iv. C. 22, Called The A. Act, Which Has Given Rise To Much Litigation In England And Scotland, And The Principle Of Which May Be Stated To Be This—that In The Event Of The Termination Of A Life•interest ...
Apportionment Bills
Apportionment Bills, In The United States, Are Laws Of Congress After Each Decennial Census, To .define The Number Of Members Of The House Of Representatives To' Which The Several States Are Entitled. Every State Has At Least One Member. Nine A. B. Have Been Passed. The First Constitution Adopted By ...
Appraisers
Appraisers And Appraisement. An Appraiser Is A Person Employed To Value Property, But He Must Be Licensed For The Office. Formerly. Under The 55 Geo. Iii. C. 184, This Annual License Cost Only 10s.; But By The 8 And 9 Viet. C. 76, S. 1, On The Preamble That It ...
Apprehend
Apprehend. To A., In Criminal Law, Means To Arrest Or Seize, In Virtue Of A War Rant Or Other Legal Authority, An Offender Taken In The Act, Or Who Is Suspected. Arrest Or Apprehension By Officers Without Warrant May Be Executed By The Followino. Persons: 1, By A Justice Of ...
Apprentice
Apprentice (ante). In The United States The System Of Apprenticeship Has Largely Gone Out Of Use In Recent Years, And Regular Indentures And Serving Of Time Are Now Little Heeded; But There Are Laws Regulating The Business In Most Of The States. The New York Statutes—which May Be Taken As ...
Apprentice
Apprentice Is A Person Described In Law-books As A Species Of Servant, 'and Called A. From The French Verb Apprendre, To Learn, Because He Is Bound By Indenture To Serve A Master For A Certain Term, Receiving In Return For His Services Instruction In, Or Learning His Master's Profession, Art, ...
Approbate
Approbate And Reprobate, This Is A Technical Expression In The Law Of Scotland, Which Signifies One Of Those Rules Of Justice Which Commend Themselves By Their Reasonable Logic, And Which Are To Be Found In All Enlightened Systems Of Jurispru Dence. It Simply Means Tbat No One Can Be Permitted ...
Appuleids
Appuleids, Or, Less Properly, Apuleius, A Satirical Writer Of The 2d C., Was B. At Madaura, In Africa, Where His Father Was A Magistrate, And A Man Of Large Fortune. A. First Studied At Carthage, Which At That Time Enjoyed A High Reputation As A School Of Literature. Afterwards He ...
Apricot
Apricot, Prunus Armeniaca, A Species Of The Same Genus With The Plum (q.v.), Is A Native Of Armenia, And Of The Countries Eastward To China And Japan; A Middle-sized Tree Of 15 To 20 Or Even 30 Ft. High. With Ovate, Acuminate, And Cordate, Smooth, Doubly Toothed Leaves On Long ...
Apries
A'pries, King Of Egypt, The Pharaoh-hophra Of The Time Of Zedekiah And Nebuch Adnezzar. Ile Invaded Syria, But Gained No Substantial Advantages. Herodotus Says He Was So Vain And Confident Of His Power That He Would Not Believe That Even A Deity Could Overcome Hint. His Fall Was Predicted By ...
Apron
Apron. This Word Is Employed Both In Military And In Shipping Affairs. The A. Of A I Cannon Is A Piece Of Sheet-lead Which Covers The Touch-hole, Tied By Two Pieces Of N•hite Rope. In Ship-building, The A. Is A Piece Of Curved Timber Fixed Behind The Lower Part Of ...
Apturinac
Apturinac, A River Of Peru, Which, After A Course Of 500 M., Assumes The Name, First, Of Tambo, And Then Of Ucayali, Which Finally Joins The Tanmaragua To Form The Amazon. The A. Proper Rises To The N.w. Of The Great Tableland Of Lake Titicaca, Receiving From It, However, No ...
Aqiieduct
Aq'iieduct (lat. Aquas Ductu.q). An Artificial Course Or Channel By Which Water Is Con Veyed Along An Inclined Plain. When An A. Is Carried Across A Valley, It Is Usually Raised On Arches, And Where Elevated Ground Or Hills Intervene, A Passage Is Cut, Or, If Necessary, A Tunnel Bored ...
Aqua Tofana
Aqua Tofa'na, A Poisonous Liquid Which Was Much Talked Of In The S. Of Italy Shout The End Of The 17th Century. Its Invention Is Still A Matter Of Dubiety, But It Is Ascribed To A Sicilian Woman Named Tofana, Who Lived First At Palermo, But Was Obliged, From The ...
Aquarium
Aquarium, A Tank Or Vessel Containing Either Salt Or Fresh Water, And In Which Either Marine Or Fresh-water Plants And Animals Are Kept In A Living State. The Name Was Formerly Sometimes Given To A Tank Or Cistern Placed In A Hothouse, And Intended For The Cultivation Of Aquatic Plants. ...
Aquatic
Aquatic Plants And Animals Are Those That Live Either Wholly Or Partly In Water. The Term Is Very Vaguely Used, Those Plants Being Often Called A. Which Grow In Ponds, Ditches, Etc., Although Not Only Their Inflorescence, But Great Part Of Their Foliage, Is Above The Surface Of The Water, ...
Aqueous Rocks
Aqueous Rocks. In Geology, Every Layer Which Forms A Portion Of The Solid Crust Of The Earth Is Called A Rock, It Matters Not Whether Its Particles Are Incoherent, Like Soil Or Sand, Or Compacted Together, Like Limestone And Sandstone—to All Alike, Irrespective Of Popular Usage, The Geologist Applies The ...
Arabesque
Arabesque (fr.), Means Merely After The Arabian, Manner; And, So Far As Etymology Is Concerned, Might Therefore Be General In Its Application. In Practice, However, It Is Used To Characterize A Peculiar Kind Of Fantastic. Decoration Commonly Employed In Con Junction With Architecture, And Which The Spanish Moors Are Supposed ...
Arabian Architecture
Ara'bian Architecture. So Inseparable Is The Connection Between Architecture And Religion, That It May Be Stated As A General Rule That No Sooner Is A New Religion Engendered Than It Finds Expression In New Architectural Forms. Of This We Have An Interesting Instance In The Simultaneous Rise Of 3fohammedanism, And ...
Arabian Language And Literature
Arabian Language And Literature, Regarding The Oldest Literary Culture Of The Arabians, We Possess But Slight Information. That Their Poetry At Least Must Have Had A Very Early Development, May Be Inferred From The Natural Disposition Of The Inhabitants, Who Were Characterized For Their High Spirit, Courage, Love Of Adventure, ...
Arabian Nights Entertainments
Arabian Nights' Entertainments, A Collection Of Oriental Tales, First Made Known To Europe By Antony Galland, A French Orientalist, Under The Title Of The Thou Sand And One Ivights, Arabian Stories, Translated Into French. They Were Published At Paris, In 12 Vols. 12ino, From 1704 Till 1717, And Were Received ...
Arachis
Arachis, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Leguminosce, Sub-order Papitionacece, Natives Of The Warm Parts Of America, Of Which, Until Recently, The Only Known Species Was The A. Hypogcect, Sometimes Called The Underground Kidney-bean, And More Frequently The Ground-nut. It Also Receives The Names Of Earth-nut, American Earth-nut, ...
Aragon
Aragon, Once A Kingdom, Then A Province In The N.e. Of Spain, Lies Between 40° 2' And 42' 54' N. Lat., And Long. 2' 10' W. And 0° 45' E. Greatest Length From N. To S., 190 M.; Breadth, 130. Arca, 17,900 Sq.m. Pop. '70, 928,718. It Is Bounded, N., ...
Ararat
Ar'arat (airarat, In The Old Armenian Dialect; I.e., The Plains Of The Aryans), The Ancient Name Of The Fertile Plateau Through Which Flows The River Aras Or Araxes. It Occupies The Centre Of The Mountainous Region Of Armenia, Belonging Partly To Turkey And Partly To Russia. Notwithstanding The Passage In ...
Araucaria
Araucaria, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Coniferr (q.v.) Or Pines, Consist Ing Of Lofty Trees, Natives Of The Southern Hemisphere, And Distinguished By Having The Male And Female Flowers On Separate Plants, The Pollen Of The Male Flowers Contained In 10-20 Cases Pendent From The Apex Of ...
Arbitration
Arbitration (ante). In The United States A. Is Under Much The Same Laws As In England, But Some Recent Decisions Are Noteworthy. The New York Court Of Appeals Holds As Void An Article In The Constitution Of A Private Society, Which Made Certain Mem Bers A Court To Judge Of ...
Arbitration
Arbitration Is The Adjudication By Private Persons Appointed To Decide A Matter, Or Matters Iu Controversy, On A Reference Made To Them For That Purpose, Either By Agree Ment Of The Disputants Or By The Order, Or On The Suggestion, Of A Court Of Law. The Proceeding Generally Is Called ...
Arbor
Arbor Thuja, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Conifera, Allied To The Cypress, And Consisting Of Evergreen Trees And Shrubs With Compressed Or Flattened Branchlets—small, Scale-like, Imbricated Leaves—and Moncecious Flowers, Which Have 4-celled Anthers, And The Scales Of The Strobiles (or Cone's) With Two Upright Ovules.—the Common A. ...
Arboriculture
Arboriculture (ante). The Wholesale Destruction Of Forests In The United States Long Ago Attracted Attention In The Older States, And Measures Have Been Taken To Remedy And Counteract The Evil. The Most Efficient Of These Is A., Which Is Now Well Developed In The Eastern, Middle, Northern, And Western States. ...
Arboriculture
Arboriculture (from Lat. Arbor, A Tree), A Term Literally Signifying The Cultivation Of Trees, But In Use Generally- Restricted To The Planting And Management Of Timber-trees, Or Employed As Exclusive At Least Of The Cultivation Of Fruit-trees, Which Is A Branch Of Horticulture Or Gardening. The Ancients Practiced A. To ...
Arbutus
Arbutus, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Ericece. Containing A Number Of Species, Small Trees And Shrubs, The Greater Part Of Which Are American. The Fruit Is Fleshy, 5-celled, Meny-seeded, Usually Dotted With Little Projections, Whence That Of Some Species Has A Sort Of Resemblance To Strawberries; The ...
Arcadia
Arca:dia, The Middle And Highest Part Of Peloponnesus, Was Bounded On The N. By Achaia, On The E. By Argolis, On The S. By Messenia And Laconia, And On The W. By Elis. According To Pausanias, It Derived Its Name From Areas, The Son Of Callisto. Next To Laconia, A. ...
Arch
Arch, An Arrangement Of Bricks, Stones, Or Other Materials Over An Open Space, By Which They Are Made Not Only To Support Each Other By Mutual Pressure, But To Sustain A Superincumbent Weight. We Have The Excellent Authority Of Sir G. Wilkinson For Stating, That The A. Was Known To, ...
Archbishop
Archbishop (gr. Arch-, And Episcopos, Overseer) Is The Title Given To A Metropolitan Bishop Who Superintends The Conduct Of The Suffragan Bishops In His Province, And Also Exercises Episcopal Authority In His Own Diocese. The Title Arose, In The 3d And 4th Centuries, From The Provincial Synods Being Held Once ...
Archdeacon
Archdeacon (gr. Arch-, And S, Servant). An Ecclesiastical Dignitary Whose Jurisdiction Is Immediately Subordinate To That Of The Bishop. The A. Originally Was Simply The Chief Of The Deacons, Who Were The Attendants And Assistants Of The Bishop In Church Affairs. His Duties Consisted In Attending The Bishop At The ...
Archegosaurus
Archegosau'rus, A Remarkable Fossil Saurian Reptile, So Named By Gold Fuss (arche Gos, Leader; And Sauros, Lizard) As Constituting The Real Beginning Of Reptilian Life, Which Had Previously Been Considered As Not Extending Below The Pernnan Series Of Rocks. The Skull Is Flattened And Triangular, With Rounded Angles, The Front ...
Archelaus
Archela'us, One Of The Heraclidte, Who, When Driven By His Brothers From His Native Land, Fled To Macedon, Where Lie Became The Founder Of A Powerful Family, Of Which Alexander The Great Was Said To Be A Descendant.—anciielaiis, Natural Son Of The Mace Donian King, Perdiccas Ii., Came To The ...
Archeology
Archeol'ogy (gr. Archaios, Ancient, And Logos, A Discourse) Is The Name Now Very Generally Given To The Study Which Was Formerly Known As That Of "antiquities." The Term Is Well Enough Understood, Although Its Meaning Is Not At All Definitely Fixed. In Its Widest Sense, It Includes The Knowledge Of ...
Archers
Archers And Archery. Archers Are Soldiers Whose Weapons Are The Bow And Arrow. Among The Ancients Specially Eminent In This Mode Of Warfare, We May Particu Larize The Thracians, Cretans, Parthians, And Numidians; Among The Moderns, The Ara Bians, Germans, And Saracens. The Emperor Frederick Ii. Employed Saracenic Archers With ...