ARCHELA'US, one of the Heraclidte, who, when driven by his brothers from his native land, fled to Macedon, where lie became the founder of a powerful family, of which Alexander the great was said to be a descendant.—AnCIIELAIIS, natural son of the Mace donian king, Perdiccas II., came to the throne (after he had murdered the rightful heir) in 413 RC. His reign was far better than its commencement, as he introduced several salutary measures, and was a generous patron of art and literature. Euripides and Zeu xis frequented his court; and the palace of the monarch was splendidly adorned by the paintings of the latter. It is said that Socrates refused an invitation to proceed thither, having no great respect for the character of A., which was stained by odious vices. He is believed to have been murdered by Craterus, one of his favorites; but time story of his death is told differently.—A., a general under Mithridates the great, was sent into Greece with a large fleet and an army of 120,000 men to oppose the Romans in 87 B.C. Stills was sent against him, and besieged him in Piraeus, whence A. moved to Bceotia, and hero collected all his forces. A battle took place at Chteroneia, when victory declared for the Romans. A. now retreated to Clialcis, where he waited until Mithridates had dispatched another army of 80,000 men into Greece. The second fight took place at Orchomenos, in Bceotia, and, after two days' contest, the whole host led by A. was totally routed by Sulla. A., after hiding for three days in a morass, escaped to Chalcis. After a treaty of
peace had been effected between Sulla and Mithridates, A. fell under the displeasure of his monarch, being unjustly suspected of treason, and, fearing for his life, as also per. haps disgusted at the return he had received for his many services, he went over to the Romans at the outbreak of the second war, in 81 B.C. After this time he appears no more in history.—A., son of the former, married Berenice, daughter of king Ptole miens Auletes (56 B.c.), and ruled over Egypt for the short space of six months during tho banishment of Ptolemteus. The usurper lost his life in a battle against Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria. His grandson, also named A., obtained from Marcus Antonius the province of Cappadocia, and retained it during the reign of Augustus. Tiberius accused him of political innovations, and condemned him to death; but, as lie was old and fatuous, his life was spared. He died soon after his trial, at Rome, in 17 A.D.—A., son of Herod, the tyrant at Judea, succeeded his father in 1 A.D., and maintained his posi tion against an insurrection raised by the Pharisees. His heirship to the throne being disputed by his brother Antipas, A. went to Rome, where his authority was con firmed by Augustus, who made him Ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Iduintea. After a reign of nine years, he was deposed by Augustus, on account of his cruel tyranny, and banished to Vienna, in Gaul, where he died. His territories were added to the Roman province of Syria.