NEW JERSEY, one of the oriwinal thirteen United States, in let. 38° 55' to 41° 21' n., and long. 73' 58' to 75° 29' w.-168 m. long, with a breadth which varies from 59 to 32 an area of 8,820 sq.m., or 5,324,800 acres; bounded n. by New York, e. by the Hudson river and the Atlantic ocean, s. by the ocean and Delaware bay, and w. by Delaware bay and river, which separate it from Delaware and Pennsylvania. It has 21 counties. The chief towns are Trenton (the capital), Newark, Paterson. Jersey City, Elizabeth. Camden, Hoboken. Its coast line is 120 in., or, including bays, 540 miles. Besides its bordering rivers, the Hudson and Delaware, its principal streams are the Passaic, Hackensack, and Raritan. The northern portion of the state is hilly and mountainous. The Palisades, a wall of perpendicular trap-rocks, from 200 to 500 ft. high, form the western bank of the Hudson river for 15 rn., and one of the grandest features of its scenery. The central portion of the state is a rolling country, and the southern and eastern portion a sandy plain declining to the sea. Five geological belts cross the state, containing a sandy pine plain with bog iron ore, marls used for manure, glass sand, green-sand or marl, plastic clay, used in making fire-bricks, metamorphic rocks, argillaceous red sandstone, copper. ores, gneiss with specular and magnetic iron ores, red of zinc, and Franklinite iron. Among the most attractive features in the scenery are the falls of the Passaic, the Delaware water gap, and Schooley's mountain.
Atlantic city, a bathing-place on the sea-coast, connected by railway with Philadelphia,. is a fashionable summer resort. The climate is mild, the soil n. of the pine plains fer tile, the country healthy, except the malarious river-bottoms. The agricultural products of the state are wheat, maize, oats, common and sweet potatoes, apples, peaches, plinna, grapas. melons, and garden vegetables for the great neighboring markets of New York and Philadelphia. There are cotton and woolen factories, iron-works, extensive manu factories of machinery, locomotives, carriages, glass, boots and shoes, etc. The state_ draws a large revenue from 1323 in, of railway, and several important canals, connecting Univ Calif - Digitized by-Microsoft 0 New York and the coal regions of Pennsylvania. There are 4 colleges, normal and free schools, numerous churches, periodicals, and daily papers. The government is similar to those of all the:states.
New Jersey was settled in 1620 by Dutch and Swedes. Taken by the English, it was ceded by Charles II. to the duke of York; it was retaken by the Dutch in 1673, and afterwards bought by William Penn and other Friends, who have here numerous descendants. It was the scene of sonic of the most important military movements of the war of independence, and of the battles .of Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth, and German town. Pop. in 1840, 373,306; in 1860, 672,031; in 1870, 906,096.