NEWARK, a city of Essex co., New Jersey, a port of entry and capital of the co.; pop. '80, 136,400, being an increase of 30 per cent since 1870. It is situated on an elevated plain on the right bank of the Passaic river, 9 in. front New York city, and 4 In. from Newark bay. Its history is somewhat peculiar. In 1665 the colonies of Hartford and New Haven, Conn., being united in spite of the opposition of the people of Bran. ford, the latter deserted that part of the country in a both', headed by their pastor, and taking with them their families and household goods. They bought the hind on which Newark now stands, from the Hackensack Indians, for £130, 12 blankets, and 12 guns, and there founded their city, laying it out in broad streets. No one Was permitted to hold office, to vote, or was a freeman, who did not have membership in the Corgrega tional church; in 1676 the church building was fortified against attacks by the Indians. In 1682 Newark was famous for the manufacture of cider. In 1745116 the English grantees of East Jersey undertook to invalidate the titles of the Puritans to their lands, whereupon rioting occurred, which was 'suppressed with difficulty. The college of New Jersey was in Newark from 1747 to '55, and here was founded the Newark academy in 1792. In 1777 the town was occupied by the British, when it was sacked
and plundered, and neatly destroyed. The population was 1000 in 1780; 10,950 in 1830; 17.290 in 1840; 71,041 in 1800. Newark contains 104 churches, an academy, high school, and 25 public schools; 11 banks, 9 horse-railroads, a paid fire department, and a fire-alarm telegraph. Among its public buildings are the city-hall, court-house, and custom-house and post-office. Literary associations are the library association and the state historical society. Newark is a leading ma city, particularly in jewelry, India-rubber goods, carriages, paper, leather, and machinery. The Passaic flour-mills produce 2000 barrels of flour daily, and a spool-thread company employs 750 girls in its manufactory. The life insurance companies of Newark have $30,000,000 capital, and the fire insurance companies, $6,000,000. There are large shipping interests, and the docks extend a in. in length. The streets in the city cover 150 M. in length, and there are 40 m. of sewers. A short distance from Newark are brown-stone quarries which supply great quantities of building material for New York.