Nixicegen
Nixicegen, Nlmegiten, The Noviomagum Of The Romans (magma Or Magen Being A -celtic Word For A Fixed Dwelling), Called By Tacitus Bcdavorum Oppidum, In The Middle Ages _numaga, Is The Principal City Of The District Of Nijmegen, Or The Betuwe, In The :netherlands Province Of Gelderland. Pop. 23,503, Of Whom ...
Nizams Dominions
Nizam's Dominions, An Extensive Territory In The Interior Of Southern India, Lying To The N.w. Of The Presidency Of Madras, In Lat. 15° 10' To 21° 42' N., And Long. 74°40' To 81' :32' East. Length From S.w. To N.e, 480 In. • Extreme Breadth, 340 Miles. Area, 90,000 Sq.m., ...
Nobility
Nobility, That Distinction Of Rank In Civil Society Which Raises A Man Above The Con Dition Of The Mass Of The People. Society Has A Tendency To Inequality Of Condition, Arising From The Natural Inequality, Physical, Moral, And Intellectual, Of Those Who Com Pose It, Aided By The Diversity Of ...
Noctilionid2e
Noctilionid2e, A Family Of Insectivorous Bats, Inhabiting Tropical Regions Of Both Hemispheres. Their Habits Are Not Well Known. The Members Of The Genus Noctules Of South America Are Commonly Known As "bull-dog Bats" On Account Of Their Short Thick Muzzles, Which In Some Species Are Cleft Like The Lip Of ...
Nodes
Nodes, In Astronomy, Are The Two Points In Which The Orbit Of A Planet Intersects The Plane Of The Ecliptic, The One Through Which The Planet Passes From The S. To The N. Side Of The Ecliptic Being Called The Ascending Node (c2), And The Other The Descending Node (u). ...
Nomans
Nom:ans (le., Northmen). A Name Generally Limited In Its Application To Those Sea Rovers Who Established Themselves In That Part Of France Called After Them, Normandy; But Sometimes Embracing Also The Early Inhabitants Of Norway. During The Middle Ages, The Name Northmen, Or Norsemen, Was Often Used In A Broader ...
Nominalism
Nominalism. This Word Refers To A Celebrated Controversy Of The Middle Ages, Respecting The Nature Of Our General Or Abstract Ideas. It Was Contended Some That Abstractions—as A Circle In The Abstract, Beauty, Right—had A Real Existence Apart From Round Things, Beautiful Objects, Actions. This Was Called Realism. Those That ...
Non Commissioned Officers
Non-commissioned Officers, In The British Army, Constitute A Numerous And Very Important Class In The Regimental System Between The Commissioned Officers And The Men. As The Former Are Not Permitted To Mix With The Private Soldiers, Lest Familiarity Should Diminish The Sway Of Absolute Discipline, It Is Necessary To Have ...
Non Residence
Non-residence, The Name Given In Church Law To The Offense Of Person Holding A Spiritual Benefice, Who Absents Himself, Without Legal Justification, From The Local Pre Sands Within Which The Duties Attached To The Benefice Are Prescribed To Be Performed. The Obligation Of Residence Follows Clearly From Every Principle Of ...
Nordheimer
Nordheimer, Rn.o., 1800-42; B. Memelsdorf, Germany, Of Jewish Par Ents. Having Acquired The Rudiments Of Education At A Jewish School, He Entered The Gymnasium Of Wh•zburg, To Fit Himself, By The Study Of Theclassies, Theology, And Philoso Phy, For A Jewish Public Teacher. After Studying Two Years At The Gymnasium, ...
Norfolk
Norfolk, A Large And Important Maritime Co. Of England, Bounded On The N. And N.e. By The North Sea, And On The S. By The County Of Suffolk. Area 1,356,173 Acres; Pop. '71, 438,511. Its Coast-line, Extending' From Yarmouth, On The E., To The Mouth Of The Nen In The ...
Normal Schools
Normal Schools, Institutions Where Teachers Are Instructed In The Principles Of Their Profession And Trained Iu The Practice Of It. The Name Of Normal School Is Of Ft Each Origin (ecole Normale, From Let. Nonna, A Rule Or Model), And Is That Generally Used In Scotland; Such Institutions, In England, ...
Normal Schools_2
Normal Schools (ante). The Establishment Of These Schools In The United States Is Due, It Is Said, To A Suggestion By Prof. Denison Olmsted In An Oration Delivered In New Bitten, Conn., In 1816, And To Various Recommendations In The Official Messages Of De Witt Clinton While Governor Of New ...
Norman French
Norman-french. The Well-known "oaths Of Strasburg" A.d. 842, Though By No Means Showing Any Pronounced Dialects, Are Indicative Of The State Of The Romance Languages When The Northmen First Began Their Incursions Into France. Rollo (hrolf, Whether Contracted For Thinilf, Hraudulf, Or Hroarulf, That Is, High, Red, Or Fierce Wolf, ...
Normandy
Normandy (fr. Normandie), Formerly A Province In The North Of France, Bordering On The English Channel; Now Divided Into The Departments Of Seine-infiffieure, Eure, Orne, Calvados, And Manche. It Is In General A Very Fertile, Richly-cultivated Land, Resembling A Garden In Many Districts. Its Chief Agricultural Products Are And Fruits ...
Normandy_2
Normandy, Custo3fady Law Or (fr. Coutumier De Normandie). The Ancient Pro Vinces Of France Were Governed Principally By A System Of Laws Called Coutumes, Which Had Originated In Local Usages, And Been In The Course Of Time Reduced To Writing And Formally Sanctioned By The Sovereign. Co At Ame Was ...
North Carolina
North Carolina (canomtta, North, Ante), Was First Explored By A Party Of 108 Persons Sent From England By Sir Walter Raleigh In 1584, And The First Settlement Was Made On Roanoke Island During That Year. Trouble With The Indians, However, Caused The Colonists Eventually To Return To England, And No ...
North East
North-east Axo North-west Passage, The Numerous And Important Dis Coveries Made By The Portuguese And Spaniards In The Southern Latitudes Of Asia, And The Reports Which On Their Return They Spread Of The Fabulous Wealth Of Those Regions, Excited The Attention Of The Other Maritime Nations Of Europe, And Prompted ...
North Sea
North Sea (germanieum Mare; Ger. Nord See), That Arm Of The Atlantic Ocean Which Separates The British Islands On The W. From The Continent On The Cast. It Is 700 In. In Extreme Length (from N. To S.), About 400 M, In Greatest Breadth, And Has An Area Of Not ...
Northcote
Northcote, Sir Stafford Henry, B. London. 1818; Educated At Eton, And Oxford University, Graduating At Balliol College In 1839 With High Honors. His First Position In Political Life Was That Of Private Secretary To Mr. Gladstone, When The Latter Was President Of The Board Of Trade. In 1847 He Was ...
Northcuttmi
Northcutt:mi, Ratmorroo, Count, B. Near Modena, 1608, And Entered The Austrian Artillery As A Volunteer Under His Uncle, Ernesto, Count Montecuculi, In 1027. The Thirty Years' War He Found Many Opportunities Of Distinguishing Himself, Received. Rapid Promotion, And Was Employed In Various Services, Military And Diplomatic. In 1657 He Was ...
Northumberland
Northumberland, The Most Northern Co. Of England, Is Bounded On The E. By The North Sea, And On The N.w. By The Scottish Counties Of Roxburgh And Berwick. Area, 1,290.312 Statute Acres; Pop. '71, 386,646. The Surface Of The County Has A Rugged, And Especially In The W. And S.w. ...
Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories, The Designation Of All That Portion Of British North America Under The Dominion Of Canada, Except The Provinces Of Manitoba And British Columbia, Lying W. And N. Of The Provinces Of Quebec And Ontario. On The N. It Is Bounded By The Arctidocean, On The E. By The ...
Norway
Norway (norweg. Norge), The Western Portion Of The Scandinavian Peninsula, Which, With Sweden, Forms One Joint Kingdom, Is Situated Between 57' 58' And 71° 10' U. Lat., And 5° And 28° E. Long. It Is Bounded To The E. By Sweden And Russia, And On Every Other Side Is Surrounded ...
Norwegian Language And Literature
Norwegian Language And Literature (nonway, Ante). The Great Teutonic Stem Divides At About The Time Of The Invasion Into Four Dialects; But Whether These Dialects Antedate The Year 500 A.d. Is Very Doubtful. The Gothic Of Ulfilas Is,undoubt Edly, The Oldest; But The Saxon Follows Not Long After. The High ...
Norwich
Norwich, A City Of England, Capital Of The Co. Of Norfolk, And A Co. In Itself, On The Wensum, Immediately Above Its Confluence With The Tare, 20 In. W. Of Yarmouth, And 98 In. N.u.e. Of London. It Covers An Area About 5 In. In Circumference, Is Skirted On Its ...
Nostradateus
Nostradateus, A Celebrated Astrologer Of Time 16th C., B. Dec. 14, 1303, At St. Hemi, In Provence. His Proper Name Was Michel Notre-dame, And He Was Of Jewish Descent. He Studied First At The Cone:re D'avignon, Where He Exhibited Rctnarkable Scientific Powers, And Subsequently Attended The Celebrated School Of Medicine ...
Notables
Notables, The Name Formerly Given In France To Persons Of Distinction And Politi Cal Importance. As The States General Were Inconvenient To The Despotism Of The Mon Archy, The Kings Of The House Of Valois Adopted The Expedient Of Calling In Their Stead 48semblies Of The .notables, The Time Of ...
Notary Public
Notary Public (ante), An Officer Iutroduced From The Civil Law, And Known In Ancient Rome As Tabellio Forensic; In England, Appointed By The Archbishop Of Canter Bury. In This Country, The Duties Of A Notary Vary In The Different States, Being A Matter Of Statutory Regulation. But In General His ...
Notice
Notice, In Law, Denotes Existing Knowledge Of Some Fact Or The Act Of Giving Information. In The Former Sense It Be Actual Or Constructive, Actual When The Party Is Directly Informed Of The Fact By Word Of Mouth Or By Letter; Constructive, When The Party Is Legally Presumed To Have ...
Nottkaa
Nottkaa, A Town Of Asiatic Russia, In Trans-caucasia, Is Built On The Southern Slope Of The Caucasus Mountains, 80 In. S.w. Of Derbeud, In Lat. 41° 12' N., Long. 47° 13' E. Pop. (1867) 23,371, Consisting Of Native Tartars Belonging To The Creed, Of Armenians. And A Few Russians, Chiefly ...
Nousa
Nou'sa, An Island Of Shetland. Remarkable For An Object Of Antiquity Styled Burgh Nowt, Which Consists Of A Round Tower Of The Class Known In The North Of Scotland As Pictish Towers. Burgh-mousa Occupies A Knoll Close Upou The Rocky Sea-beach, From Which Materials For Its Construction Had Been Taken. ...
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia, A Province Of The Dominion Of Canada, Is Bounded On The N.w. By New Brunswick And The Bay Of Fundy, On The N. By The Straits Of Northumberland And The Gulf Of St. Lawrence, And On The Other Sides By The Atlantic Ocean. It Consists Of Two Portions, ...
Novatian
Nova:tian, A Priest Of The Roman Church In The 3d C., And The Of A Sect Called After His Name. The Place And Time Of His Birth Are Not Known With Certainty. Novatian Had Been A Stoic Philosopher, But After His Arrival In Rome Was Converted To Christianity, And Being ...
Novation
Novation. In Law, Th6 Ektinguishment Of An Old Obligation By The Substitution Of A New. The Civil Law Distinguished 3 Kinds Of Novation: 1. Where A New Debt Is Substituted, Due By The Same Debtor To The Same Creditor, But With Changed Terms Of Payment. 2. Where A Substituted New ...
Novels
Novels. The Novel And The So-called Romance, Inasmuch As They Constantly Merge In One Another, And Are Only Superficially Distinguished By The Preponderance In The One Of Ordinary And Familiar Incidents; In The Otoer Of Incident More Or Less Remote And Mar Velous, May Conveniently Be Included Here Under The ...
Novels And Romances Of
Novels And Romances Of Tile 18th Century.—the Two European Nations That Most Brilliantly Distinguished Themselves In The Department Of Fiction During This Century Were England And France, And To These We Shall Chiefly Confine Our Attention. 1. English Prose 1"iction.—during The Age Of Elizabeth And Her Immediate Successors, The Imaginative ...
Novgorod
Novgorod, An Important T. Of European Russia, Capital Of The Government Of The Same Name, Is Situated On The Volkhof, Near Where It Issues From Lake Llmen, 122 In. S.s.e. Of St. Petersburg. It Is The Cradle Of Russian History. In 862 The Norman Prince Rurik, Of The Tribe Of ...
Noyon
Noyon, A T. Of France In The Department Of Oise, 78 M. Mme. Of Paris By The North Ern Railway. It Has A Tine Cathedral Of The 12th And 13th Centuries, In The Romanesque Style Of Architecture; An Episcopal Palace, And Some Linen And Cotton Manufactures; Pop. '76, 5,785. Noyon ...
Nuisance
Nuisance Is A Legal Term Used To Denote Whatever Is An Annoyance To One's Neigh Bors, Or In A General Sense To The Public At Large, In The Exercise Of Their Rights Of Prop Erty. The Whole Doctrine Of Nuisance Is Founded On The Theory That Every Person Is Entitled ...
Nullification
Nullification (ante), In General, Might Be Used To Indicate Any Act Of Absolute Invalidation Or Making Void, But Is Almost Exclusively Applied To The Doctrine First Set Forth Thy John C. Calhoun In A Paper Known As The South Carolina &position, Which Was Presented By Him In 1828 To The ...
Numerals
Numerals, The General Name Given To Figures Or Symbols By Means Of Which Num Bers Are Expressed (for Pecrotation)ctherdistinetive Name Of Arabic Numerals Being Given To The Tine Figures Or Digits And The Zero That Are Now In Almost Universal Use Among Civilized Nations For This Purpose. Both The Origin ...
Numerals_2
Numerals (ante). The Only Valuable Essays On The Introduction Of Our Present Nu. Merals Arc The Works Of Woepeke, In The Encycladia Mitropolitana, London, 1845, Vol. I., P. 412; In The Journal Asiatigue, 6th Series, Vol. I., 1863, Pp. 27, 234, 442; And His Mono. Graph, Sur Untroduction De L'aritlanetigue ...
Numeration
Numeration, The Reading Off Of Numbers That Are Expressed By Figures. As Shown In Notation (q V.), The First Figure On The Right Hand Expresses Units; The Next, Tens; The Third, Hundreds; And Following The Same Nomenclature With The Next Three Figures, We Have The Fourth Expressing Units Of Thousands; ...
Numida
Numida. See Guinea Fowl, Ante. 3/11/11id Ia (gr. Nomadia, The Land Of Nomads), The Name Given By The Romans To A Part Of The N. Coast Of Africa, To Some Extent Withthe Modern Algiers'. It Was Bounded On The W. By The River Imullic%a (now Moluya), Which Separated It From ...
Numismatics
Numismatics (lat. Nummus And Numisma, Money; Gr. Nomisma, From Moms; Law, A Medium Of Exchange Established By Law), The Science Which Treats Of Coins And Medals. A Coin Is A Piece Of Metal Of A Fixed Weight Stamped By Authority Of Government, And Employed As A Circulating Medium. A Medal ...
Nuremberg Or Nurnberg
Nuremberg Or Nurnberg (norimberga, Noriea), A Fortified City Of The Bavarian Province Of Middle Franconia, Situated In 49° 28' N. Hit. And 11° 5' E. Long. Pop. '71, 80,000; '75, 91,017. Nuremberg Is One Of The Most Remarkable And Interesting Cities Of Germany, On Account Of The Numerous Remains Of ...
Nursery
Nursery, 'a Garden Or .portion Of A Garden Devoted To The Raising Of Young Plants, To Be Afterward Planted Elsewhere. The Ripening Of Garden-seeds For Sale Is Generally Also An Important Part Of The Trade Of The Public Nurseryman. Many Culinary Vegetables Arc Very Commonly Raised From Seed In Public ...
Nusairieil No8sairians Or
Nusairieil No8sairians Or Ansostnics. See Ansarie. Nut, In Popular Language, Is The Mine Given To All Those Milts Have The Seed Inclosed M A Bony, Woody, Or Leathery Ncsz Opening When Ripe. • Amongst The Best Known And Most Valuable Nuts Are The Hazel-nut, Brazil Nut; Walnut, Chestnut, And Cocoa-nut, ...
Nutmeg
Nutmeg. This Well-known And Favorite Spice Is The Kernel—mostly Consisting Of The Albumen—of The Fruit Of Several Species Of Myristica. This Genus Belongs To A Natu Ral Order Of Exogens Called Myristicacem, Which Contains About Forty Species, All Tropical Trees Or Shrubs, Natives Of Asia, Madagascar, And Amerida. They Generally ...
Nutrition
Nutrition. The Blood Which Is Carried By The Capillaries To The Several Tissues Of The Body Is The Source From Whence All The Organs Derive The Materials Of Their Growth And Development; And It Is Found That There Is Direct Proportion Between The Vascularity Of Any Part And The Activity ...
Nux Vomica
Nux Vomica Is The Pharmacopceial Name Of The Seed Of Strychnos Nux Vomica, Or Poison Hitt. The Following Are The Characters Of These Seeds, Which Are Imported From The East Indies: "nearly Circular And Flat, About An Inch In Diameter, Umbilicated And Slightly Convex On One Side, Externally Of An ...
Nyaya
Nyaya (from The Sanskrit Ni, Into, And Dya, Going, A Derivative From To Go; Hence, Literally, "entering," And, Figuratively, •• Investigating Analytically ") Is The Name Of The Second Of The Three Great Systems Of Ancient Hindu Philosophy; And It Is Apparently So Called Because It Treats Analytically, As It ...
Nyctalopia And Hemeralopia
Nyctalo'pia And Hemeralopia. Terms Employed For Affections Of The Eye. And Which Have Been Indiscriminately Employed. Mr. Lawrence, An English Surgeon, And One Of The Pioneers In Scientific Ophthalmology, Says "a Great Confusion Has Arisen In The Application Of These Learned Terms, Each Word Being Nearly As Often Used To ...
Oakland
Oakland, The Seat Of Justice Of Alameda Co., Cal., On The E. Shore Of San Francisco Bay, Terminus Of The Central Pacific Railroad, 7 M. E. Of San Francisco; Pop. '75, 22,000. The City Takes Its Name From 21 Grove Of Majestic Evergreen Oaks, In Which It Was First Built ...
Oannes
Oannes, The Name Of A Babylonian God, Who, In The First Year Of The Foundation Of Babylon, Is Said To Have Come Out Of The Persian Gulf, Or The Old Eryt]•ecn Sea, Adjoin Lug _ Babylon. He Is Described As Having The Head And Body Of A Fish, To Which ...
Oases
Oases, Certain Cultivated. Spots In The Libtan I.lesert (called Also Auas2s, Ouasis, Or "(oasis) Which Produce Vegetation, Owing To The Presence Of Springs Issuing From The Ground. The Principal Oases Are Those Lying To The W. Of Egypt, A Few Days' Journey From The Nile, And Known To The Ancients ...
Oates
Oates, (alias Ambrose,) Thus, Was The Son Of A Ribbon Weaver, Who, Having First Become An Anabaptist Minister Under Cromwell, Took Orders And A Benefice In The English Church After The Restoration. Titus Appears To Have Been Born About 1620 In London. He Was A Pupil Of Merchant Taylor's School, ...
Oath
Oath, In Point Of Law, Is That Kind Of Solemn Declaration Which Is Necessary As A Con Dition To The Filling Of Some Office More Or Less Public, Or Of Giving Evidence In A Court Of Justice. Nearly All The Great Public Offices Of The State In This Country Can ...
Oaxaca
Oaxa'ca. See Oajaco. Ob, Or Obi, The Great River Of Western Siberia, Rises In Two Branches, The Bia And The Katune Or Katunga, Both Of Which Have Their Origin In The Altai Mountains, Within The, Frontier Of The Chinese Dominions, About Let. 49° N., And Long. 90° East. These Branches ...
Oaxaca Or Guaxaca Oaja00
Oaja'00, Oaxaca. Or Guaxaca, A City Of Mexico, Capital Of A State Of The Name, Stands On The River Rio Verde, 210 Di. S.s.e. Of Mexico. It Covers An Area 2 In. In Length By 11 In Breadth, Is Well Built, With Open Streets. Interspersed With Plantations, On Which The ...
Obadiah
Obadiah (ante), The Fourth Of The Minor Prophets, According To The Hebrew And English Arrangement, And The Shortest Book In The Old Testament. Some Have Conjectured That The Author Of It Was The Steward Of Ahab's Household; But This Opin Ion Has Nothing To Support It Except The Identity Of ...
Obedience
Obedience, In Canon Law Means The Duty By Which The Various Gradations In Eccle Siastical Organization Are Held Subject. In All Things Consistent With The Law Of God Or Of The Church, To The Several Superiors Placed Immediately Above Each, Respectively, In The Hierarchical Scale. Thus Priests And Inferior Clergy ...