vaslet, valet (Danish.) Sr or cr, insert t, antecessor, ancestre, ancestor. Di8, ex, in French de and é are preserved in Norman, as well as st; in modern French e, with sp initial, makes g. English makes sc, sp, st, initial; late Norman makes esc or esch, esp and the inference is evident.
Latin. English. Late Norman. French.
sea la, scale, esehiel, eehelle.
spa rSt19, spare, espars, Spars.
strict us, .straight, estreict, Stroit.
Not all of these words are technical. and borrowed oy Saxon before 1000 A.D., and though it is an exception to Romance rule, it seems likely that Norman was more like English than French in this up to 1150. Other changes are: staunum, estein, tarn, tin; stationem, saloon, season. Z Latin, in verbal terminations, should always be 8: baptiz are, baptiser, baptize. Before mentioned: zelosus. jaloux, jealous. A initial, medial, and final remains: swans, sain, sane ; but quaternum, quahier, quire; and diurnum, jour, jour(nal). Latin, udinem: consuetudinem, coustume, custum; couchylium, co quille, cockle. Other cases mentioned already. _N before short e or is seniorem, seign ieur, seignior. IV inserted: Interns, lantern; reddere, rendre, render; but joculari, jon gler, juggle. The groups ndr for n•, and ng/ for gl, are decidedly Norsk ; so is nabl for ml. L generally rests initial, medial, or final: filius, tilz, fitz; vocalis, voielle, vowel.
Note, digiteds, deel; detale, litany. L in combination: followed by ly consonant, /=.-- as in French, but not in Norman and English: Note, marla (for margla), merne, marl; scandalum, seandale, scandal; esclandre, slander. R remains, except changing with a seldom, and I sometimes; remains iu English: kaemmerdeiking, ehamberlene, cham berlain. Often transposes: fimbria, freinge, fringe. The proportion of Norman words in English, and the history of the connection between the two languages, may be found in so many treatises that no .attempt has here been made to do more than carefully in dicate the true derivation and spelling of Norman words in English. The grammar and the literature of the language belong to the study of French dialects; and as written by even the second generation after the conquest, always excepting Richard emur de lion and a few troubadours, the Engl.sh productions in the tongue are so bald and corrupt as scarcely to repay translation into the pure dialect of their time. They never had a possessive nor any serviceable particles; they forgot the two cases of the noun and the double formation of object and subject; they neglected the subjunctive of their verbs, and forged abstracts by hitching a termination to the first word they happened to re member.