PATANIALI is the name of two Lelebrated authors of ancient India, who are gener ally looked upon as the same personage, but apparently for no other reason than that they bear the same name. The one is the author of the system of philosophy called Yoga (q.v.), the other the great critic of Kiityayana (q.v.) and Panini (q.v.). Of the former, nothing is known beyond his work—for which see the article You.k. The few historical facts relating to the latter, as at present ascertained, may be gathered from his great work, the 1/aktibheisleya, or "the great commentary." The his mother was Gonikil; his birthplace was Gonarda, situated in the east of India, and lie resided temporarily in Cashmere, where his work was especially patronized. From eiremustam tial evidence, prof. Goldstitcker has, moreover, proved that he wrote between 110 and 120 B. o. (Hinini, his Place in Sanskrit Literature. p. 235, ff.). The Mith.0748,Va of Pat an jali is not a full commentary on Pauini, but, with a few exceptions, only a commentary on the Varttikas, or critical remarks of on Panini. "Its method is analo gous to that of other classical commentaries: it establishes,'usually by repetition, the cor rect reading of the text, in explaiuing every important or doubtful word, in showing the connection of the principal parts of the sentence, and in adding such observations as may be required for a better .understanding of the author. But frequently Patanjali
also attaches his own critical remarks to the emendations of Katyilyaua, often in support of the views of the latter, but not seldom, too, in order to refute his criticisms, and to defend Panini; while again, at other times, he completes the statement of one of them by his own additional rules." Patanjali being the third of the grammatical triad of India (see P'Axm), and his work, therefore, having the advantage of profiting by the scholarship of his predecessors, he is looked upon as a paramount authority in all mat ters relating to classical Sanskrit grammar; and very justly so, for as to learning, inge nuity, and conscientiousness, there is no grammatical author of India who can be held superior to him. The Makiibluishya has been commented upon by Kaiyyata, in a work called the Blaishya-Pradipa; and the latter has been annotated by Nagojlbhatta, in a work called the Bluisliya-pradipodyota. So much of these three latter works as relates to the first chapter of the first book of Panidi, together with the Vtu•ttikas connected with them, has been edited at iMirzapore, 1850, by the late Dr. J. R. Ballantyne, who also gave a valuable literal translation of the first forty pages of the text.