PETERHEAD', n sen-port end municipal and parliamentary burgh, in the district of Buchan. Aberdeenshire. on a peninsula, the eastmost point of land in Scot land, 44 m. nose. of Aberdeen. by railway, It is irregalarlv built, clean, and much paved with the reddish granite, called after the town, and nsed for polishing. The earls of Marisehal, before their attainder, 1715, owned much of the parlsh, and irere superiors of the town of Peterhead. The property was bought by the Merchant .Maiden hospital of Edinburgh, the governors of which have greatly improved the town and mist. Peterhead has no very strildsig edifices. The parish church has a granite spire, 118 ft. bleb, and a granite Tnsmt pillar stands on the market-cross. Peterhead has Episcopal, Free, Roman Catholic and other churches; an academy and other schools, and two libraries. Peter head has cloth and wincey manufacturws, and considerable ship-building. The chief exports are herrings, cod-fish, butter, grain, and granite; and imports, lime, wool, and general merchandise. Peterhead was long the chief British depot of the seal and whale fishing, hut the interest has declined. In 1873, 12 vessels brought home 900 tons of oil, seal-skins, and whale-bone, worth £50,000. In 1876, 1167 ships, of 93,289 tons burden. entered the port; and in 1877 it owned 650 fishing-boats, manned by 2,00G persons, and cured 123,381 barrels of herrings, besides large quantities of cod and other fish. Peter
head has a harbor on the n., another on the s. side of the isthmus of the peninsula on which it is built, and they are connected by a passage cut across the isthmus, thus alloy ing vessels to leave the harbor in different winds. On the s. side of the bay of Peter head, and about 21 m. from the town, are the Buchanness and its light-house, and Bod dam castle ruins. The Ugie enters the sea a mile n.w. of Peterhead; and on its banks, 3 or 4 m. n.w. of the town, are the ruined castles of Inverugie and Ravenscraig. The walls of the former are still standing, and access is bbtained to the roof by means of a winding staircase in one of the towers, whence a magnificent view may be had of the valley of the Ugie. Ravenscraig stands on the opposite side of the river; it is built upon a rock, and is considered a good specimen of the ancitnt Scottish baronial style, in the square form so common in the beginning of the 13th century. Its walls are so strong as to have been deemed impregnable previous to the use of artillery. Peterhead unites with Elgin, Cullen, Banff, and Inverury in sending a member to parliament; constitu ency (1877-78) 1103. Pop. '41, 4,762; '71, 8,53:5. Annual value of real property, 128,982.