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Chamber's Encyclopedia, Volume 12

Parliamentary Reporting
Reporting, Parliamentary, Accounts Of Single Speeches, And, At Times, Of Entire • Debates In The English Parliament, Have Come Down To Us From A Very Early Period, And In The Voluminous Work Entitled The Parliamentary History Of England, We Possess The Most Valuable Historical Work In Our Language. The Earlier ...

Paul De Rapin De
Rapin De Thoyras, Paul De, A French Historian Of England, Was Descended From A Protestant Savoyard Family, Which Settled In France In The 16th C., And Was Born At Castres, In Languedoc, Mar. 25, 1661. Ile Studied At The Protestant College Of .sau Mur, And Passed As Advocate In 1679, ...

Peace Of Ryswick
Ryswick, Peace Of, A Treaty Concluded In 1697 At Ryswiek, A Dutch Village Between Delft And The Hague, Which Was Signed By France, England, And Spain On Fiept. 20. And By Germany On Oct. 30. It Put An End To The Sanguinary Contest In Which England Had Been Engaged With ...

Pellegrino Rossi
Rossi, 'pellegrino, Was B. Of A Noble Family At Carrara In 1787. He Carried On His Studies At The University Of Bologna. In 1812, Being 25 Years Of Age, He Was Appointed Professor Of Law In That University. In 1815, King Murat Having Proclaimed Italian Independence, Rossi Sided With Him. ...

Peter Paul Rubens
Rubens, Peter Paul, One Of The Greatest Of Flemish Painters, Was B. Probably At Fiegen, In June 29, 1577. His Parents Settled In Cologne In 1578, Where They Remained Till 1587, When Itubens's Father Died, And His Mother Removed With Her Family To Antwerp. He Was First Placed Tinder Verhaagt, ...

Philip Ricord
Ricord, Philip, A Distinguished French Physician, Was The Son Of A Wealthy Ship Owner, And Was Born Dec. 10, 1800, At Baltimore, Whither His Father Had Gone In 1700 To Repair His Fortunes, Which He Had Lost Under The India Company. He Came In 1820 To . Paris, Where He ...

Pierre De Ronsard
Ronsard, Pierre De, A Celebrated French Poet And Reformer Of French Poetry, Was Born At The Château De La Polsonuiere, In Vendomois, Sept. 11, 1524. At The Age Of Nine He Was Sent To The College De Navarre, Hut Was Soon Removed, And Shortly After Entered The Service Of The ...

Pierre Joseph Proudhon
Proudhon, Pierre ;joseph, A Noted French Publicist And Speculator On Social And Political Subjects, Was B. July 15, 1809, At Besancon, In Which Town His Father Was A Poor Cooper. Through The Good Offices Of Charitable Friends, He .received The Rudiments Of His Education At The College Of His Native ...

Pierre Paul Royer Collard
Royer-collard, Pierre-paul, A French Statesman, B. June 21, 1703, At Som Puis ()fame). The Childhood Of Royer-collard Was Spent At His Father's House, Under The Severe Surveillance Of His Mother, Who Belonged To A Family Ardently Devoted To Jansenism. He Was Sent To College At Chaumont, And Afterward At Saint-omer, ...

Piirification
Piirifica'tion, In A Biblical Sense, Is The Act Through Which :fn Individual Became Fit To Approach The Deity, Or To Mix Freely In The Community, In Cases Where A Certain Bodily Or Other Disability Had Kept Him Out Of The Pale Of The Latter. The Purification Consisted Chiefly In Expiations, ...

Piirture
Piirture, In Heraldry, The Color Purple, Expressed Iu Engravings By Lines In Bent Sinister. It Is Of Unfrequent Occurrence In.british Heraldry. Purpurine (c3,1180b = Chii5(oh)z02)"; Discovered By Robiquet And Colin In 182s ; Named Also Madder-purple, Oxyalizarine, And Triaryantbraguinone, Produced From A Vegetable Source, Madder, And Existing Therein As A ...

Poet Wine
Poet Wine (ii.e., Porto Or Oporto Seine), A Species Of Red Wine, Hot And Heady, Which Is Produced Chiefly In A Mountainous District Of Portugal, Called Cima De Douro, And Exported From Oporto And Lisbon. The Vine From Which This Wine Is Produced Is Generally Planted On Craggy Slopes With ...

Pomegranate
Pomegranate, Punka Granatum, A Fruit Much Cultivated In Warns Countries, And Appall • -ly A Native Of The Warmer Temperate Parts Of Asia, Perhaps Also Of The N. Of Africa. It Has Been Cultivated In Asia Front The Most Ancient Times, And Is Frequently Mentioned In The Old Testament. It ...

Pomerania
Pomerania (ger. Pommern), A Province Of Prussia, Bounded Is. By The Baltic, E. By W Prussia, S. By Brandenburg, And W, By The Duchies. Area, 11.600 Sq. Miles. Pop. (at The Close Of '75) 1,462,310. Pomerania Is Divided Into The Three Gov Ernmental Districts Of Stettin, Stralsund, And Kbslin. This ...

Pompadour Jeanne Antoinette
Pompadour (jeanne Antoinette Poisson), :marquise De, A Notable Mistress Of Louis Xv., Was B. In Paris In 1720 Or 1722. Her Reputed Father Was A Certain Francois Poisson, Who Held A Humble Office In The Army-commissariat; But 31. Le Normand De Tournheim. A Rich Fermier-general. Claimed For Himself The Honors, ...

Pompeii
Pompeii, A City Of Campania, Was Built At The Mouth Of The River Sarnus (sarno), Looking Out On The Bay Of Naples. It Stood At The Base Of Mt. Vesuvius, Between Herculaneum And Stabite. Of Its Early History Little Is Known (legend Ascribed Its Foundation To Hercules); But In More ...

Pompey The Great
Pompey The Great. Creills Pompeins _magnus, Son Of Cneius Pompeins Strabo. Was Born In 106 N.c. At The Early Age Of 17 He Began To Learn The Military Art Under His Father By Service In The Field Against The Italians In The Social War. Though So Young. He Gave Proof ...

Pondicherry
Pondicherry, The Chief Of The French Settlements In India, Situated In The District Of South Arcot. In The Madras Presidency. The Other French Establishments Are Mahe In Malabar, Karikal (q.v.) In Tanjore, Yanaon In Godavari, And Chandernagore (q.v.) Iu Bengal. The Extent Of The United Territories Is Given By 31. ...

Poniatowski
Poniatowski, A Celebrated Princely Family Of Poland, Is Of Italian Origin, Being Directly Descended From The Family Of The Torelli, Whose Ancestors Were Counts Of Guastalla. One Of The Torelli Family Having Settled In Poland, Assumed The Name Of Poniatowski From His Wife's Estate Of Poniatow In That Country. Those ...

Ponsard
Ponsard, Frtmccis, 1814-67. A French Dramatist B. In Vienna; Educated For The With Tastes For Poetical Literature. In 1837 He Translated Byron's ..1/anfred Into French, But It Found Few Readers. While Residing Several Years In Vienna He Contributed To The Revue De Nenne. His First Approved Production Was Luerece, Which ...

Pontianak
Pontianak, The Capital Of The Kingdom Of The Same Name On The W. Coast Of Borneo, Is Situated Near The Junction Of The Landak And Kapuas. It Is Built On Both Banks Of The River, Which Is 900 Ft. Broad, And Thence To The Sea Is Called The Pontianak. The ...

Pontine Marshes
Pontine Marshes (lat. Pomptincs Paludes), A Low-lying District, Forming The Southern Part Of The Campagna Di Roma, And Extending In A South-easterly Direction From Cisterua To The Sea At Terracina. Its Greatest Length Is About 30 M., :ind Its Breadth From 4 To 11 Miles. It Does Not Reach The ...

Pontoon
Pontoon (through The French Ponton, From The Latin Pons, A Bridge) The Name Given To Buoyant Vessels Used In Military Operations For Supporting A Temporary Bridge. Pontoon Bridges Have Been Constructed, With Greater Or Less Skill, From The Earliest Times. Darius Passed The Hellespont And Danube By Pontoon Bridges, And ...

Pontus
Pontus, The Name Given By The Ancient Greeks To A Country In The N.e. Of Asia Minor, Bordering On The Pontus Euxinus (whence Its Name), And Extending From The River Malys In The West To The Frontiers Of Colchis And Armenia In The East. Its Southern Limits Were The Ranges ...

Pony
Pony, The Common Name Of Many Small Active Breeds Of Horse (q.v.), Belonging To Different Countries, From India And Africa To Iceland; But In The Warmer Parts Of The World Chiefly Found In Mountainous Or Sterile Regions. They Are In General The Property Of Man, And Not Truly Wild, Although, ...

Poor Laws
Poor Laws. The Fundamental Rule As To The Relief Of The Poor Was, That Each Parish Iu England And Wales Is Hound To Maintain Its Own Poor. For The Pur Pose Of Providing The Requisite Machinery, Overseers Are Required To Be Appointed In Each Parish Every Year On Mar. 25, ...

Poor Laws_2
Poor Laws (ante), In The United States, Are Of Local Enactment. In Some Cases General Laws Have Been Passed By The State, But The Town Authorities Usually Adopt Regu Lations For The Care Of The Poor. The Increase In Pauperism In The Years Of Business Depression Following The Inflation Period ...

Popayan
Popayan, A City Of The United States Of Colombia (new Grenada), South America, Stands In A Fertile Plain, 6,000 Ft, Above Sea-level, On The Cauca, In Lat. 2° 27' N. It Con Tains A Cathedral And A Number Of Conventual Edifices. It Was Founded In 1537, And Was The First ...

Pope
Pope, Jogs, B. Ill., 1896; Graduated At West Point 1842, And Was Brevetted Second Lieut. Of Topographical Engineers; Served In Florida 1842-44; On The Survey Of The Me. Boundary Line 1845-46; In The Mexican War, During Which He Was Brevetted First-lieut. And Capt. For Gallantry At Monterey And Buena Vista, ...

Poplar
Poplar, Poplins, A Genus Of Trees, Forming, Along With Willows, The Whole Of The Natural Order Salicacea Or Salicinece (by Some Regarded As A Suborder Of Amentaceec), And Having Dicecious Flowers Arranged In Catkins, Both Male And Female Flowers With An Oblique Cup-shaped Perianth. The Seeds Have Silky Hairs, As ...

Poppy
Poppy, Paptiver. A Genus Of Plants Of The Papaseracece, Having A Calyx Of 2 (or Rarely 3) Sepals, Which Very Soon Fall Off; A Corolla Of 4 (rarely 6) Petals; Numer Ous Stamens Seated On A Receptacle; The Stigma Crowning The Germen, Without A Style, -and In The Form Of ...

Porism
Po'rism, A Kind Of Geometric Proposition In High Favor Among Ancient Greek Mathe Maticians, But Of Which The Notices That Have Come Down To Us Are So Few And Meager That, Till Lately, Mathematicians Were Not Agreed About What A Porism Really Was. The Ancient Works In Which Porisms Are ...

Porpayrtus
Porpayrtus, One Of That Series Of Ancient Philosophers To Whom Is Due The Reforma Tion Of The Greek Philosophy Known As Neoplatonism, Was Probably B. At Batanea In Syria (the Basilan Of Scripture) In The Year 233 A.d. His Original Name Was The Greek Form Of The Syro-phenician Melech, Or ...

Porsenna
Porsenna, Also Porsena, Lars Or Lartii (lar,. In Etruscan, Means "lord" Or "prince"), In The Early And Uacertain History Of Rome, Appears As A Powerful King Of Clusium In Etruria. •ccordin_g To The Legend Told By Livy For History, When Tarquin The Proud Was Expelled From Rome, He Sought The ...

Port Elizabeth
Port Elizabeth, An Important Sea-port Of S. Africa, Commercial Capital Of The Eastern Province Of The British Colony Of The Cape Of Good Hope, Stands On The Western Shore Of .lgoa Bay (q.v.), In Lat. About 34° S., Long. 25° 35' East. Many Of The Streets Are Elegant. One Range ...

Port Royal Des Champs
Port Royal-des-champs, A Convent Of Cistercian Nuns, Near Versailles, Which Obtained Much Celebrity During The 17th Century. It Was Founded For Nuns By A Mem Ber Of The Family Of Montmorenci, In The Early Part Of The 13 C.; And Soon After Its Estab Lishment, Obtained From The Pope The ...

Porter
Porter, A Kind Of Malt Liquor Which Came Into Use In London In 1722. According To Leigh, " The Malt Liquors Previously In Use Were Ale, Beer, And Twopenny, And It Was. Customary To Call For A Pint Or Tankard Of Half-and-half—i.e., Half Of Ale And Half Of Beer, Half ...

Portland
Portland (ante), A City In S.w. Maine; Incorporated 1832; Indian Name, Mudd-. Gonna. It Was Originally A Part Of Falmouth, And Includes Several Small Islands Iu The Bay; 1606 Acres; Pop. '80, 33,810. It Is 60 In. S.w. Of Augusta, 292 In. Sm. Of Montreal, And Is Connected With Montreal ...

Portland Isle
Portland Isle, A Rocky Peninsula Projecting Into The English Channel From The Shore Of Dorsetshirc, 17 M. W.s.w. Of St. Alban's Head. Its Appearance Suggests The Shape Of A Beak, And It Is Therefore Called Also The Bill Of Portland. It Is 9 M. In Cir Cumference, Is Composed Of ...

Portsmouth
Portsmouth (ante), A City In S.e. New Hampshire, Incorporated 1849; Previous To 1807 Capital Of The Colony Mom State, Except During The Revolution. It Is The Terminus 'of The Eastern, Concord And Portsmouth, The Portsmouth And Dover, And The Portland And Saco Railroads; Pop. '80, 9,732. It Is Nearly Surrounded ...

Portsmouth_2
Portsmouth, The Chief Naval Arsenal Of Great Britain, And An Important Seaport, Market-town, And Municipal And Parliamentary Borough, In The S. Of Hampshire, Stands On The S.w. Shore Of Portsea Island (q.v.), At The Entrance To Portsmouth Harbor, And Oppo Site The Town Of Gosport, With Which It Communicates By ...

Portugal
Portugal, The Most Westerly Kingdom Of Europe, A Part Of The Great Spanish Penin. Sula, Lies In 30° 55' To 42° 8' And 6° 15' To 9° 30 W. Long. Its Greatest Length From N. To S. Is 368 M., And Its Average Breadth From 0. To W. About 100 ...

Portuguese Language And Literature
Portuguese Language And Literature. The Portuguese. Like Every Other Branch Of The Romance Family Of Languages, Has Grown Out Of A Local Form Of The Lingua Domana Rustica, Which In Course Of Time Had Ingrafted Upon It Many Elements Of Ara Bic From The Saracen Invaders Of The Country, And ...

Posein
Po'sein, A Province Of Prussia, Bounded D. By Pomerania And East Prussia, E. By Poland, S. By Silesia, And W. By Brandenburg And Pomerania. Area 11,150 Sq.m. Pop. At The Close Of 1875, 1,608,956. It Is Divided Into The Two Governmental Districts Of Posen And Bromberg; And The Principal Towns ...

Posen
Posen (polish Poznan), The Chief T. Of The Province Of Posen, And A Prussian Fortress Of The First Rank, Is Situated Ou The Low And Sandy Banks Of The Wartha, Nearly 150 Tn. E. Of Berlin. Pop. '71, 56,374; '73, 60,998—of Whom Not Quite The Half Are Protestants, And Toward ...

Positive Printing
Positive Printing, In Photography. This Term Is Used To Designate That Process By Which Impressions From A Negative (q.v.) Are Produced Upon Suitably Prepared Paper. The Term, However, Does Not Belong Exclusively To Positives Produced On Paper, And Intended To Be Viewed By Reflected Light, Since Transparent Positives For Examination ...

Positivism
Positivism, A Scheme Of Philosophy Founded By Auguste Comte, Which Limits Speculation And Knowledge To Observed Facts, With Their Constant Antecedents, Accom Paniments, And Consequences. It Ignores All Laws Except Those Of Manifest Association; And Excludes Causes And Effects, Supernatural And Spiritual Agencies, Hidden Forces And Immaterial Essences. It Reduces ...

Possession Of Property
Possession Of Property, In Point Of Law, Is The Most Intimate Relation That Can Subsist Between The Owner And His Property. Strictly Speaking, The Idea Of Property Consists Merely Of A Certain Relation Between A Human Being And A Portion Of External Nature, Whereby He Appropriates To Himself All The ...

Post Office
Post-office, A Place For The Reception Of Letters, And The Management Of The Various Departments Connected With Their Dispatch And Conveyance. The Name Originated In The Posts (from Lat. Poitum, Placed, Fixed) Placed At Intervals Along The Roads Of The Roman Empire, Where Couriers Were Kept In Readiness To Bear ...

Post Office Insurance
Post-office Insurance Is A Valuable Addition To The Many Useful Services Which Our Postal Establishment Has Been Enabled To Render Within The Last Few Years. Book-post, Sample-post, Money-orders, And Postal Savings-banks, All Additions To The Original Letter Post And Newspaper-post, Have Been Found To Work So Satisfactorily, That The Legislature ...

Postulate
Postulate. This Word Occurs In Geometry, And Signifies Something That Is Re Manded, And Must Be Granted Before The Demonstrations Of The Science Can Be Wrought Out. The Postulates Of Euclid Have Reference To Certain Constructions Indispensable To The Reasoning. They Are These Three: "a Straight Line May Be Drawn ...

Postures
Postures, The Name Given To The Attitude Observed In Worship, Whether Private Or Public, But Especially The Latter. They Are The Natural Expressions Of The Feeling Which Accompanies Or Characterizes The Particular Devotion In Which They Are Employed, And Are Used By Suppliants To Man As Well As To God. ...

Potash And Pearl Ash
Potash And Pearl-ash, In Commerce. See Potassium. The Chief Source Of This Important Article In Britain Is Canada, Where It Is Derived From The Vast Quantities Of Wood Cut Down And Burned In Clearing The Forest For Culture, And Also From The Branches Of The Trees Felled For Timber. The ...

Potassium
Potassium (symb. K, Equiv. 39, Sp. Gr. 0.865) Is One Of The Alkaline Metals. The Letter K Is Selected As Its Symbol, As Being The First Letter Of Kali, The Arabic Word For Potash, The Letter P Being Preoccupied As The Symbol For Phosphorus. The Following Are The Chief Characters ...

Potato
Potato, Solanum T•uberosum (see One Of The Most Important Of Cultivated Plants, And In Universal Cultivation In The Temperate Parts Of The Globe. It Is A Peren Nial, Having Herbaceous Stems, 1-3 Feet High, Without Thorns Or Prickles; Pinnate Leaves With Two Or More Pair Of Leaflets And An Odd ...

Potsdam
Potsdam, A City In The Prussian Province Of Brandenburg, And, Next To Berlin, The Handsomest And Best Built Town In Prussia, Is Situated On An Island At The Point Of Junc Tion Between The Small Stream Of The Nuthe And The River. Havel, 16 In. S.w. Of Berlin. Pop. '71, ...

Pottery
Pottery. This Term—supposed To Be Derived From Poterion, The Drinking-cup Of The Greeks, And Transmitted By The French Word Poterie—is Applied To All Objects Of Baked Clay. The Invention Of Pottery Dates From The Most Remote Period, And Its Appli Cation Is Almost Universal—objects Of Pottery Being In Use Among ...

Potts Disease
Pott's Disease, An Affection Of The Spinal Column Named After Dr. Percival Pott (q.v.), Thesurgeon Who First Accurately Described Its Condition And Nature. The Disease Is Otherwise Called Angular Curvature Of The Spine. It Is Caused By Inflammation Of The Bodies Of The Vertebrae And Of The Intervertebral Substance, Commencing ...

Poughkeepsie
Poughkeepsie (ante), The Co. Seat Of Dutchess Co., On The Hudson River, And The Poughkeepsie And Eastern Railroads; Pop. '80, 20,207. It Is Regularly Laid Out; The Streets Are Shaded And Lighted With Gas; And There Are Many Handsome Public And Private Buildings. Two M. V. Of The City Are ...

Poulpe
Poulpe, Octopus, A Genus Of Cephalopoda (q.v.) Of The Order Dibranli.ata; Having Eight Feet Or Arms, Nearly Equal, United At The Base By A Membrane, And Very Long In Propor Tion To The Body. There Is No Shell, But It Is Represented By Two Small Grains Of Horny Substance Imbedded ...

Poultry
Poultry (fr. Poole, A Lien), A Collective Name For Useful Domesticated Birds. It Is Sometimes Limited To The Domesticated Gallinaceous Birds, Hut Ordinary Use Includes All The Birds Reared For Economical Purposes. These Belong Exclusively-to Two Orders Of Birds, The Gallinaceous And Palmiped; The Common Fowl, Pea-fowl, Guinea-fowl, Turkey, Gran, ...

Pound
Pound (sax. Pond, Ger. Pfund, Lat. Pondu 8, The Unit Of Weight In The Western And Central States Of Europe, Differing, However, In Value In All Of Them. The Symbol (lb.) For It Is Equally General, And Is Derived From The Latin Word Libra. The Old English Pound, Which Is ...

Powell
Powell, The Rev. Baden, An Eminent English Savant, Son Of A London Merchant, Was Born At Stamford Hill, Near London, Aug. 22, 1796, And Studied At Oriel College, Oxford, Where Lie Graduated M.a., With First-class Mathematical Honors, In 1817. Powell Took Holy Orders In 1820, And Was Appointed Vicar At ...

Power
Power (ante), In Law, May Be Considered Under Two Heads—powers Of Attorney And Powers Creatdd By Will Or Deed, The Latter Class Being Connected With The Law Of Real Estate. 1. A Power Of Attorney May Be General, Authorizing The Agent To Act For The Grantor Gen Erallv; Or Special, ...

Pozztjoli
Pozztjoli, A City Of Southern Italy, At The C. Of The Bay Of Naples, In The Province Of Naples, With 11,752 Inhabitants; Has Manufactures Of Soap. But The Interest Which Attaches To It Is Drawn From Itluumerous Memorials Of Classic Ages, Its Cathedral Was The Temple Of Augustus. There Is ...

Prague
Prague (ger. Prag. Slay. Praha), Capital Of The Kingdom Of Bohemia, Is Situated In 50° 5' N. Let., And 30' E. Long., On The Slope Of The Hills Which Skirt Both Sides Of The River Moldau, 251 In. N.e. Of 'vienna By Railway'. Pop. '69, 157,275. Prague, Which Ranks As ...

Praina
Praina Parahiti. (literally, The Wisdom Which Has Gone To The Other Shore, Viz., Of Its Object; I.e., Absolute Or Transcendental Wisdom, Front The Sanskrit Prajnel, Wisdom, /gram, To The Other Shore. And Ita, Gone) Is The Title Of The Principal Satra (q.v.) Of The Mahayana School Of The Buddhists (see ...

Prairie
Prairie (fr. Meadow) Was The Name Given, By The Early French Explorers Of The Northern Portion Of The Mississippi Valley, North America, To The Vast Fertile Plains Which Extend From Western Ohio And Southern Michigan, Across The States Of Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, And Dakota Territory, Includ ...

Prairie Dog
Prairie Dog, Arctomys Ludavicianus, A Very Interesting Species Of Marmot (q.v,), An Inhabitant Of Sonic Of The Western Prairies (q.v.) Of North America. It Is About The Size Of A Squirrel Or Large Rat; And Has Soft, Reddish-gray Fur, Each Hair Being Red With A White Tip. The Name Prairie ...

Prairie_2
Prairie (ante), The French Word To Signify Meadows, And Qualified By Them In Use By Distinguishing Natural Prairie From Artificial Prairie Or Meadow. From The Vastness Of The Amerieau Prairie, So Named By The Early French Discoverers, It Has Beau Erroneously Inferred That The Name Implied Great Extent Of Natural ...

Prakrit
Prakrit (from The Sanskrit Prakriti, Nature; Hence, Natural, Not Accomplished, Vul Gar) Is The Collective Name Of Those Languages Or Dialects Which Are Immediately Derived From, Or Stand In An Immediate Relation To Sanskrit, Or "the Accomplished Language" (q. V.)of The Hindus. These Languages, However, Must Not Be Confounded With ...

Prayer
Prayer Is A Universally Acknowledged Part Of The Worship Due To God; A Simple And Natural Expression Of Dependence. Which Seem: Almost Necessarily To Follow From A Belief In The Existence Of A God. Accordingly, We Find It Both Where The Object Of Worship Is One Supreme Being And In ...

Prayer For The Dead
Prayer For The Dead, The Practice Which Prevails In The Roman Catholic, Greek, And Other Oriental Churches Of Praying For The Souls Of The Deceased, With The Intention And Expectation Of Obtaining For Them An Alleviation Of Their Supposed Sufferings After Death; On Account Of Venial Sins, Or Of The ...

Pre Adamites
Pre-adamites, Supposed Inhabitants Of The Earth Anterior To Adam. The Author Of The Opinion, Or At Least The Writer In Whose Hands It First Took A Scientific Form, Was Isaac De In Peyrere, Better Known By His Latinized Name Pererius. He Was Born Of A Calvinist Family Of Bordeaux In ...

Precedence
Preced'ence, The Order In Which Individuals Are Entitled To Follow One Another In A State Procession Or On Other Public Occasions. We Find Questions Of Precedence Arising In Very Early Ages Both In Europe And In The East. Where Such Questions Have Arisen Among Ambassadors, As The Representatives Of Different ...