PORTLAND (ante), a city in s.w. Maine; incorporated 1832; Indian name, Mudd-. gonna. It was originally a part of Falmouth, and includes several small islands iu the bay; 1606 acres; pop. '80, 33,810. It is 60 in. s.w. of Augusta, 292 in. sm. of Montreal, and is connected with Montreal and Detroit by the Grand Trunk railway, furnishing, since 1853, direct means of transportation from those ports to the sea. It is the terminus of the Boston and Maine railroad, the Portsmouth, Saco and Portland, the Portland and Rochester, the Portland and Ogdensburg, and the Maine Central. Grain is shipped from San Francisco to this city without change. It is the fifth city in size in New England, and its trade with the West Indies, South America, and Europe, as well as along the coast, is important. The annual value of the exportation of lumber, sugar, ice, fish, etc., averages $22,000,000; the value of the imports being $20,000,000—four-fifths of it repre senting transhipments to Canada. The value of the tonnage has exceeded 126,000 iu one year. The sales of merchandise are estimated at $40,000,000; annual value of man ufactures $9,000,000. It has a marginal railway around the water front, and two dry docks. It has regular steam communication between Liverpool and Glasgow and the principal cities on the coast. Besides the forts which protect the harbor there are gran ite casemated fortifications on Hog Island ledge which command the four entrances. Ship building and the manufacture of iron are important industries, also that of petro leum, carriages, furniture, varnishes, boots and shoes, moccasins, cement pipe, leather, soap, sleighs, jewelry, etc. Canned corn and lobsters are largely exported. It has six national banks with an aggregate capital of $3,050,000, and two savings banks with deposits amounting to $8,000,000. It is lighted by gas, has three horse-railroads, and is
supplied with water brought 17 m. from lake Sebago to Bramhall's hill in the w. part of the city, the reservoir containing 12,000,000 gallons. The Company was organized in 1867. It contains 30 churches, is the seat of the Episcopal bishop of Maine, and of a Roman Catholic bishop. Its charitable institutions include a female orphan asylum, and a home for aged women; among the public institutions are the state reform school, the U. S. marine hospital, and a school for deaf mutes. Besides those mentioned above, it con tains more than 60 societies for charitable objects, and the advancement of scientific learning and literature. It is the seat of a medical school, incorporated 1858, and con tains the Portland institute and public library, incorporated 1807, 15,000 vols.; the mercantile library, 1851, 5,000 vols., having been collected since the fire of 1866; and time law library. The collections of the society of natural history were burned in 1851 and in 1860, but a new one has been made containing specimens of great value. Time atheneum (incorporated 1826) library of 12,000 vols. was destroyed in 1866, but has been restored. Portland has a well-organized fire department. Among the fine build ings for which it is noted is a mechanics' hall built of granite; the granite custom house, ornamented with marble, costing $485,000; the post-office of white Vermont marble; and the granite and brick building of the Maine charitable mechanic associa tion, incorporated 1815, containing a fine ball, library of 5,000 vols., and costing $36,000. From the hills on either side a fine view of Casco bay may be obtained. In the center is Lincoln park, 2} acres.