ROMANIA, or RumANTA (often written BOU3IANIA). See the article MOLDAVIA AND WALLACUIA, to which this short notice serves as a continuation and conclusion. A mili tary revolt took place in Feb., 1866, which resulted in the deposition of prince Couza Alexander John I. The count of Flanders, younger brother of Leopold II. of Belgium, was unanimously chosen hospodar; but he at once declined the perilous honor. Upon this the choice of the Romanians fell upon prince Charles of Hohenzollern•Sigmaringen, who was proclaimed prinee,of Romania on April 20, 186G. The existing constitution was then adopted. 'When war broke out between Russia and Turkey in April, 1877, Romania signed a conventiot with Russia, guaranteeing the Russian troops a free pas sage through Romanian territory; and on May 21 the chamber of deputies at Bucharest decreed the independence of Romania. War was declared with Turkey, and the Roma nian army bore a creditable part in several battles, especially before Plevna. The Berlin
congress of 1878, which revised the treaty of San Stefano concluded between Russia and 'Turkey, and has attempted the most recent solution of the "eastern question," agreed to recognize the independence of Romania. It resolved, however, much against the will of the government and people of Romania, to restore to Russia the portions of Bessara bia (q.v.) touching the Pruth and Danube, which were given by the treaty of Paris to Moldavia in 1856; and, by a rough sort of compensation, Romania received the Dobrud scha (q.v.), bounded on the s. by a line from Silistria to Mangalia. It was stipulated that difference of religious profession should not disqualify from the exercise of full civil and political rights iu Romania.