Szechenyi
Szechenyi, Istvan, Count, 1792-1860; B. Vienna, Of A Noble And Wealthy Hun Garian Family. He Served In The Austrian Army In The Wars With Napoleon, And Afterward Traveled Through Europe. Clearly Seeing The Great Need For Reform And Advance In The Material And Social Status Of The Hungarian People, He ...
Szolnok
Szolnok', A T. Of Hungary, On The Theiss, 66 Tn. E.s.e. Of Pesth. It Contains Impor Tant Salt Magazines, And Is The Center Of The Traffic By Steamers On The Theiss, And'an Important Railway Station. Pop. '69, 15,847. The Twentieth Letter Of The English Alphabet, Is The Sharp Or Mute ...
T Teeth
Teeth, T. A Tooth Is Described By Prof. Owen, The Highest Authority On This Subject, As "a Hard Body Attached To The Mouth Or Commencement Of The Alimentary Canal, Partially Exposed When Developed. Calcified Teeth Are Peculiar To The Vertebrates, And May Be Defined As Bodies Primarily, If Not Permanently, ...
T017r17ament
T017r17ament (fr. Tournoi, From Tournoyer, To Turn Round), A Military Sport Of The 'middle Ages, In Which Combatants Engaged One Another With The Object Of Exhibiting Their Courage, Prowess, And Skill In The Use Of Arms. The Invention Of The Tourna Ment Has Been Ascribed To Geoffroy De Prenilly, Ancestor ...
Tabernacle
Tabernacle (heb. Okel Hoed= Tent Of Meeting, Sell., Between God And Man; Lxx. Skene, Vulg. Tabernaculum Fcederis), Or, More Fully, " Tabernacle Of The Congregation," Was The Tent First Erected By Moses In The Desert As A Visible Symbol Of The Divine Pres Ence In The Midst Of The People. ...
Tabes Dorsamis
Ta'bes Dorsamis, An Affection Of The Nervous System, Now Known In Medicine As Locomotor Ataxy. Tabes Dorsalis Was So Named By Romberg Of Berlin; But Dr. Todd Of London In 1847 First Recognized Its True Nature, And Specially Insisted On The Distinctions To Be Drawn Between Tabes Dorsalis And Paraplegia ...
Tabor
Tabor, A Celebrated Mountain Of Northern Palestine, Rising Solitarily In The North Eastern Part Of The Plain Of Esdraelon, To About The Height Of 1000 Ft. And Commanding The Most Extensive And Probably The Most Magnificent Prospect In The Holy Land. Eastward, The Eye Catches A Gleam Of The Waters ...
Taborites
Ta'borites (a Sect Of The Fiussites In Bohemia), Derived Their Name From Their For Tress Of Tabor, Near The River Luschnitz, An Affluent Of The Moldau, 49 M. S.s.e. Of Prague. There Is Now A Small Town At The Place, Which Has A Population Of 6,717, And Carries On Some ...
Tabriz
Tabriz' (pronounced And Frequently Written Tabreez), A And Ancient City Of Persia, Capital Of The Province Of Azerbijan, 40 M. E. Of Lake Ururniah, And On The Aji, Which Flows S.w. Into That Lake. The Town Is Surrounded By A Ditch And A Brick Wall, Pierced By 7 Gates. It ...
Tabu
Tabu, Tam3, Or Tambii, A Polynesian Term, Denoting An Institution Found Every Where, And Always Essentially The Same, In The Polynesian Islands And In New Zealand. Its Primary Meanings Seem To Be Exactly The Same As Those Of The Hebrew To'ebah. This Word, Like The Greek Anathema, The Latin Sacer, ...
Tacitiis
Tacitiis, Cmtrs Cornelius, The Historian. Of His Parentae, Or Of The Time And Place Of His Birth, We Can Only Conjecture That His Father Was Probably Cornelius Taeitus, A Roman Eques, Who Is Mentioned As A Procurator In Gallia Belgiea, And Who Died In 79. From The Emperors Vespasian, Titus, ...
Talegalla
Talegal'la, A Genus Of Gallinaceous Birds, Of The Family Megapodidm, Having A Strong, Thick, And Very Short Bill, The Upper Mandible Curved And Pointed; The .head And Neck Almost Quite Naked; The Wings Short And Round; The Tail Rather Long, Rounded On The Sides; The Legs Strong, Feathered A Little ...
Talent
Talent (gr. Talanton, From A Root To Balance Or Weigh), A Word Used By Homer To Signify Indifferently A Balance, And A Definite Weight Of Some Monetary Currency. But The Weight Of Money To Which Homer Applies The Term Talent Was Very Different From That To Which It Was Applied ...
Tallow Tree
Tallow Tree, The Name Given In Different Parts Of The World To Trees Of Different Kinds Which Produce A Thick Oil Or Vegetable Tallow, Or A Somewhat Resinous Substance, Which, Like Tallow, Is Capable Of Being Used For Making Candles. Tallow Tree Of Mala Bar (raterus Indica) Is A Very ...
Tally System
Tally System Is The Name Given To A Mode Of Buying Goods Much In Vogue Among The Wives Of Poor Men, Whereby They Get Pods, Chiefly Articles Of Dress And Cheap Finery, On Credit, Or On Terms Of Payment By Small Weekly Sums Till The Debt Is Paid. It, In ...
Talmud
Talmud (from Heb. Lamad, To Learn)—i.e., Study, By Way Of Eminence—is The Name Of The Fundamental Code Of The Jewish Civil And Canonical Law, Comprising The Mishna (q.v.) And The Gemara (q.v.), The Former As The Text, The Latter As The Commentary And Complement. We Have Spoken Under Halacha. And ...
Tamandua
Tamandua, A Species Of The Genus Myrniecopkaga Or Ant-eater (q.v.). The Great Ant-eater Or M. Jubata Of Linmeus, Is Called Tamandua By The Portuguese, But Ant-bear By The English And Spaniards.--the Proper Tamandua, So Called By The Portuguese Of Brazil, Is The .311 Tamandua Of Cuvier, And Is Much Smaller ...
Tamarind
Tamarind, Tamarindus Indica, A Beautiful Tree, Of The Natural Order Leguminosos, Suborder Casalpinew, A Native Of The East Indies, But Now Very Generally Cultivated In Warm Climates. Only One Species Is Known (t. Indica), A Spreading Tree, 30 Or 40 Ft. High, With Alternate Pinnate Leaves, Which Have From 12 ...
Tamarisk
Tamarisk, Lamaric, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Tamaricacece. This Order Contains Rather More Than Forty Known Species, All Natives Of The Warmer Parts Of Europe And Asia, And Of Africa, Generally Growing In Arid Situations. Some Of Them Are Herbaceous, Others Are Shrubs Or Small Trees, With ...
Tame Animals
Tame Animals, In Point Of Law, Render Their Owners Subject To Certain Liabilities.. There Is No Restriction As To What Wild Animals May Be Tamed; And The Person Who Tames One, And Retains Possession, Becomes The Owner Of It. There Is, However, In All Such Cases An Obligation On The ...
Tamil
Tamil' (more Properly Spelled Tamir', But Erroneously Written Tamul, And Errone Ously Termed By The Earlier Europeans "the Malabar") Is The Name Of The Language Ear Liest Cultivated Of All The Idioms Which The Rev. R. Caldwell Designates As Dravidian— This Term Comprising, According To Him, Besides The Tamil, The ...
Tammuz
Tam'muz, A Word Which Occurs Once In The Bible—viz., Ezek. Viii. 14: " And Behold,. There Sat Women Weeping For Tammuz." The Derivation Of The Word Is As Problematic As Is The Meaning Itself. The Vulgate (all The Other Versions Give The Word Unchanged— Thereby Confessing The Universal Ignorance Ou ...
Tancred
Tancred, A Sicilian Prince, The Son Of Eudes, A Norman Baron, And Of Emma, The Sister Of Robert Guiscard (see Gmscard), Was One Of The Celebrated Heroes Of The First Crusade, And Was Born After The Middle Of The 11 H .....t... C. A. D. Some Chroniclers Profess To Detail ...
Taniiir
Taniiir, More Commonly Written Tanjore, An Important Town Of India, In The Presidency Of Madras, 180 M. S.s.w. Of The City Of That Name, In The Midst Of An Extensive Plain, On Oue Of The Branches Of The Delta Of The Kaveri. The Town Com Prises Two Forts And Several ...
Tannhauser
Tannhauser, The Subject Of One Of The Most Attractive German Legends Of The Mid Dle Ages, Is A Knight Who,•in The Course Of His Travels, Comes To Venusberg (q.v.), And Enters The Cave-palace, To Behold The Wonders Of The Lady Venus And Her Court. After Having Lived There For Some ...
Tantra
Tantra (from The Sanskrit Tan, To Believe, To Have Faith In ; Hence, Literally, An Instrument Or Means Of Faith) Is A Name Of The Sacred Works Of The Worshipers Of The Female Energy Of The God Siva. See S'aiurs.s. A Tantra Is Said To Comprise Five Sub Jects—the Creation ...
Tapestry
Tapestry (fr. Tapisserie), A Kind Of Carpet-work For Decorating Walls And Furniture. The Art Of Working Tapestry Is Extremely Ancient, But We Have Little Information About It Until The Time Of The Saracens, Who Revived It, And Brought It Into Notice. They, In All Probability, Only Used Tapestry As Drapery ...
Tapeworm
Tapeworm Is A Word Popularly Used In A Vague Sense To Designate Any Worm Of The Group Eestoidea (see Cestoid Worms). According To Dr. Cobbold, Upward Of 250 Distinct Forms Of Cestoid Worms Have Been Described, Of Which Probably Somewhat Less Than 200 May Be Regarded As Really Good, Species. ...
Tapir
Tapir, Taperus, A Genus Of Pachydermata, Of The Section Ordinaries; Having A Bulky Form, With Moderately Long Legs; The Fore-feet Four-toed, The Hind-feet Three-toed; The Skin Thick, The Hair Short; The Tail Very Small; The Neck Thick; The Ears Short; The Eyes Small; The Muzzle Elongated; The Nose Prolonged Int% ...
Tapti
Tapti, A River Of The British Presidency Of Bombay, India, Rises In The Saugur And Nerbuddah Territories, In Lat. About 21° 46' N., Flows W. Through Sciudhia's Dominions And The Districts Of Candeish And Surat To Its Mouth In The Gulf Of Cambay, 17 M. Below The Town Of Surat. ...
Tarantism
Tarantism May Be Defined A Leaping Or Dancing Mania, Originating In, Or Supposed To Originate In, An Animal Poison. The Name Is Supposed To Be Derived From The Ground Spider, Tarantula (q.v.), Which Conveyed The Poison Into The Human Body By Its Bite. The Gesticulations, Contortions, And Cries Somewhat Resemble ...
Taranto
Taran'to (anc. Ta-rentum), A Town Of S. Italy, In The Province Of Lecce, Is Situ Ated On A Rocky Islet, Formerly An Isthmus, Between The Mare Piccolo (little Sea), An Extensive Harbor On The E. Or Landward Side Of The Town, And The Mare Grande (great Sea), Or Gulf Of ...
Target
Target (root Uncertain, But The Word, In Some Form, Founcl In All European Ian. Guages). In Its Modern Sense, Is The Mark For Aiming At In Practicing With The Cannon, Rifle, Or Bow And Arrow. In Its More Ancient Meaning, A Target Or Targe Was A Shield, Circular In Form, ...
Targum
Targum (chaldee, From Tirgem, A Word Of Uncertain Origin, Designating To Translate, Explain), The General Term For The Aramaic Versions Of The Old Testament, Which Became Necessary When, After And Perhaps During The Babylonian Exile, Hebrew Began To Die Out As The Popular Language, And Was Supplanted By " Chaldee," ...
Tariff
Tariff (ante). In The United States The Term Tariff Is Used To Designate The Schedule Of Duties Fixed By Congress On Imported Goods. Considerations Of The Subject Of Rev Enue Necessarily Entered Into The Question Of The Formation Of The Government Of The United States. The Period Of The Adoption ...
Tarqitiniits
Tarqitiniits, The Family Name Of Two Kings Of Rome, With Whose History, Or Rather With The Legends Regarding Whom, The Fortunes Of The City Are Closely Interwoven. The Story Goes That Demaratus, A Corinthian Noble, Emigrated From Greece, And Settled At Tarqninii, In Etruria, Where He Married An Etruscan Wife, ...
Tarsus
Tarsus, Anciently The Chief City Of Cilicia, And One Of The Most Important In All Asia Minor, Situated On Both Sides Of The Navigable River Cydnus, In The Midst Of A Beautiful And Productive Plain, And About 18 M. From The Sea. It Was A Great Emporium For The Traffic ...
Tartaric Acid
Tartaric Acid. Ordinary Tartaric Acid, C8114010.2h0, Is Usually Seen In The Form Of Colorless, Transparent, Oblique, Rhombic Prisms, Which Are Not Affected By The Action Of The Air, Have An Agreeable Acid Taste, And Are Soluble In Water And Alcohol. The Crys Tals When Gently Warmed Become Strongly Electric, The ...
Tasmania
Tasma'nia, Formerly Van Diemen's Land, A Considerable Island In The South. Pacific Ocean, Between The Parallels Of 40° 40' To 43° 40' S. Lat., And Between 144° 30' To 148° 30' E. Long., Lying To The S. Of, And Separated From Australia By Bass's Strait. Its Greatest Length, From Cape ...
Tatian
Tatian, One Of The Early Apologists Of Christianity Against The Pagan Philosophers, And The Founder Of A Sect Which, Whether Under His Own Name, Or Under Various Other Appellations Derived From Its Peculiar Tenets Or Practices, Attracted Considerable Notice In The Primitive Ages. Tatian Was B. In Syria Or Assyria ...
Tattooing
Tattooing, A Custom Extensively Prevalent Among Savage Nations, Of Marking The Skin With Figures Of Various Kinds, By Means Of Slight Incisions Or Punctures And A 'coloring Matter. The Term Is Of Polynesian Origin, And Is Said To Be Derived From A Verb Ta, Which Signifies To Strike. Tattooing Is ...
Taulen
Taulen, John, A Remarkable Mystic And Preacher, Was B. At Strasburg In 1290, And Died There June 16, 1361. About The Year 1308, Renouncing A Considerable Fortune, He Entered Into The Mendicant Order Of Dominicans, And Afterward Studied Theology In Paris, Showing At That Early Period A Predilection For Speculative ...
Taunton
Taunton, Tone-ton, So Named From Being Built On The Banks Of The River Tone, Is Situated In The Extensive And Beautiful Valley Of Taunton Dean, Or Vale Of Taunton, In The County Of Somerset, 44 M. S.w. Of Bristol By Railway. It Communicates By Railway With The Bristol And English ...
Tavistom
Tavistom, A Parliamentary Borough And Market-town Of Devonshire, Picturesquely Situated On The Western Border Of Dartmoor, About 35 M. S.w. Of Exeter, In The Fertile Valley, And On The Right Bank, Rf The Tavy (whence Its Name),which Is Here Crossed By Two Bridges Within The Town. Tavistock Is A Thriving ...
Tavoy
Tavoy', The Chief T. Of A District In Tenasserim, British Burmali, Is Situated On The• Left Bank Of The Tavoy River, About 34 M. From Its Mouth, In Lat. 14°4' N., Long. 98° 5' E., At The Distance Of About 220 M. S. Of Moulmein. The Site Of Tavoy, Which ...
Tax Sales
Tax Sales, A Public Sale Of Land, According To Law, For Non-payment Of Taxes Assessed Upon It. Some General Principles May Be Stated, As Running Through The Stat Utes Of All Or Nearly All The States; But As The Proceedings Are Regulated Entirely By Statute, The Rights Of The Purchasers ...
Taxation Of Costs
Taxation Of Costs Is The Checking Or Reviewing Of The Charges Made By Attorneys Or Solicitors For Legal Business; And There Is An Officer Of The Court Provided For The Pur Pose, Called In England A Master Or A Taxing-master, Or A Registrar, According To The Nature Of The Court; ...
Taxidermy
Taxidermy, The Art Of Preparing The Skins Of Animals For The Purposes Of The Natu Ralist. The Chief Means Employed In Preparing The Skin For Stuffing In The Case Of Small Animals Is To Remove It Carefully From The Body, And, Having Cleaned Away From It Any Adherent Flesh, Etc., ...
Taylor
Taylor, Jereity, One Of The Greatest Names In The English Church, Was The Son Of A Cambridge Barber, And Was Born In That Town, Aug. 15, 1613. At The Age Of 13 Lie Entered Cams College As A Sitar, And After Seven Years' Strenuous And Brilliant Study Is Classics And ...
Taylors Theorem
Taylor's Theorem, So Called From Its Discoverer, Dr. Brook Taylor (q.v.), Is A General Method For The Algebraic Development Of A Function Of A Quantity, X, In Powers Of Its Increment H, And May Be Thus Briefly Explained And Illustrated: Let Fix + H) Denote Any Function Of X + ...
Tchuktchees
Tchuktchees, A Wandering Tribe In Siberia, Supposed To Be Kin To The Koriaks, Living Near Behrings Strait. They Closely Resemble The Indians Of The Adjacent Conti Nent. The Greater Part Of Them Wander From Spot To Spot With Herds Of Reindeer, While. Some Bands Live On The Coast And Support ...
Teak
Teak, The Name Of Two Kinds Of Timber, Valuable For Ship-building And Other Pur Poses, One Of Which Is Known As Indian Teak, And The Other As African Teak. The Trees Which Produce Them Belong To Very Different Orders. Indian Teak (tectona Vrandis) Is A Tree Of The Natural Order ...
Teal
Teal, Querquedula, A Genus Of Ducks (anatidm) With Very Slightly Lobed Hind-toe, Narrow Bill, As Long As The Head, The Sides Nearly Parallel, Or Widening A Little At The End, The Wings Pointed, The Tail Moderately Large, And Wedge-shaped. Some Naturalists Divide The Genus Into Two—nettion, In Which The Hill ...
Teasel
Teasel, Dipsacus, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Dipsacea Or Dipsacacem. This Order Consists Of Herbaceous And Half-shrubby Exogenous Plants, With Opposite Or Whorled Leaves, And Flowers In Heads Or Whorls, Surrounded By A Many-leaved Involucre. About 150 Species Are Known, Natives Of The Temperate Parts Of The ...
Technical Education
Technical Education (gr. Techne, Art) Means Special Instruction And Training For The Industrial Arts. This Subject Has Received Much Attention Of Late Years In Conse Quence Of Comparisons Drawn Between The Manufactures Of Great Britain And Those Of Other Countries Shown In The Great International Exhibitions Held In London, Paris, ...
Tehran
Tehran', Frequently Spelled Teheran, Capital Of Persia, And Of The Province Of Irak-ajemi, 70 M. S. Of The Shore Of The Caspian Sea. It Stands On A Wide Plain, Dotted Here And There With Mud-built Villages, And Pierced With Many Circular Pits, Which Reach Down To The Great Subterranean Water-courses, ...
Teinds
Teinds, The Name Given In The Law Of Scotland To Tithes In Scotland Tithes Were Only Paid From The Produce Of Land Or Cattle. The Teinds Of Corn, Called Decimce Garbales, Greater Teinds, Or Parsonage Teinds, Were Generally Exigible From All Landed Property, And Originally Paid To The Rector Or ...
Telegraph
Telegraph (gr. Tele, Far Off, And Graph°, To Write) Is A General Name For Any Means Of Conveying Intelligence Other Than By Voice Or Writing. The Idea Of Speed Is Also Implied. Alarm-fires (see Beacon), The Semaphore (q.v.), And The Signals (q.v.) Used At Sea, Are Among The Earlier Forms ...
Teleostei
Teleostei, The Order Of Bony Fishes, Corresponding Very Nearly With Cuvier's Division Of Osseous Fishes, And Comprising Nearly All The Common Fishes. The Skeleton, Instead Of Remaining Throughout Life Nearly Or Quite Cartilaginous, Is Nearly Or Com Pletely Ossified. The Notochord Is Not Persistent, As In The Inferior Orders; There ...
Telephone
Telephone. This Instrument Is Designed To Convey Sounds To A Distance By Means Of Electricity. In 1860 Reis Of Frankfort First Recognized The Principle Of The Telephone, Using A Membrane Which, Vibrating Under The Action Of Sound, Caused Pulsations Of Electricity To Pass Along The Wire, And Actuated The Armature ...
Telescope
Telescope (gr. Tde-skopos, Far Seeing) Consists Essentially Of A Lens Or Mirror, To Form, Within Our Reach, An Image Of A Distant Object; And A Microscope (q.v.), To Examine This Image In Detail. Its Invention Is Ascribed To Various Individuals Living About The End Of The 16th C.; But There ...
Tell
Tell, Wrmara,r, Was, According To Swiss Tradition, A Patriot Who, In The 14th C., Res Cued His Native District From The Tyranny Of The House Of Austria. His Story Has Been Variously Told, But That Version Which Has Found The Widest Currency Is The Following. In The Beginning Of The ...
Tellurium
Tellurium (symb. Te, Equiv. 64—new System, 128—spec. Gray. 6.183) Is A Chemi Cal Element, Which Some Authorities Place Among The Metals, And Others Among The Non Metallic Bodies Or Metalloids. Although In Its Outward Characters It Closely Resembles The Metals, Its Close Analogies With Sulphur And Selenium Indicate That Its ...
Tempebature Of Tile Body
Te'mpebature Of Tile Body In Health And Disease. It Is Universally Admitted As A Result Of The Observations Of Numerous Physiologists, Among Whom Our Own Countryman, Dr. John Davy, Stands Pre-eminent, That Although The Range Of Tempera Ture Varies In Different Parts Of The Human Body, The Normal Temperature At ...
Temperament
Temperament Is A Term Which Has Been Employed In Physiology Ever Since The Time Of Galen, To Designate The Certain Physical And Mental Characteristics Presented By Different Individuals. Dr. Todd, In His Article On This Subject In The Cydopaclia Of Anatomy And Physiology, Observes That "the Temperaments The Existence Of ...
Temperance
Temperance. History Of The Movement.—the Origin Of The Temperance Movement Dates From The Beginning Of The Present Century; And The Merit Of Having Taken The First Steps In The Matter Belongs To America, Where The Vice Of Drunkenness Appears To Have Reached An Alarming Height About That Time. In The ...
Temple
Temple, Sir William, An Eminent Diplomatist And Popular Writer, Was The Eldest Son Of Sir John Temple, Master Of The Rolls In Ireland. He Was Born In London In 1628, Studied For Two Years At Emmanuel College, Cambridge (where He Had The Celebrated Dr. Ralph Cudworth For Tutor), And At ...
Tempo
Tempo (ital. Time), The Degree Of Rapidity With Which A Piece Of Music Is To Be Exe Cuted. The Rhythmical Proportions Of Notes, As Indicated By Their Form, Give Them Only A Relative Value, And Have No Reference To The Absolute Speed With Which The Composi Tion Should Be Played. ...
Temporal Power
'temporal Power (of Tee Pope) Is A Phrase Susceptible Of Two Meanings, Which Are Very Distinct From Each Other, And The Confusion Of Which Has Led To Frequent And Serious Misunderstanding. I. In One Of These Senses It Means The Sovereign Power Which The Pope Possessed As Ruler Of The ...