TWEED, the most famous of Scottish rivers, rises in the extreme s. of Peeblesshire, at an elevation of 1500 ft. above sea level. It flows n.e. to near Peebles, thence e. by s. to its junction with Ettrick water, and thence in an easterly and finally north-easterly direction to its embouchure in the North sea 'at Berwick-on-Tweed. The river drains great part of Peeblesshire, traverses the northern districts of Selkirk and Roxburgh shires; and in its lower course it forms the boundary between Berwickshire on the u.w. and the English border-land on the s.e. It receives the Ettrick, the Teviot, and the Till from the s.; and the Gala, Leader, and Adder from the north. The Tweed passes Peebles, Innerleithen, Melrose, Dryburgh abbey, Kelso, Coldstream, and Berwick. where it falls into the sea after a course of 96 in., and having drained an area estimated at. 1870 sq.m.—greater than that of any other Scottish river, except the Tay. The highest regions through which the river flows are for the most part of the nature of moors; the middle course of the river is through narrow valleys, flanked by hills, clothed with woods or in pasture; and its lower course, through wide-spread valleys, picturesque and beautiful, and through the rich plain of the .Verse (see 13cuwictfsritrtE), has many attrac
tions. The tide is felt at Norham castle, 10 in. from the mouth of the river; but there is little or no navigation above Berwick. Possibly the Tweed owes its fame more to the associations which connect themselves with it, than to the charms of the scenery through which it flows. Traversing the heart of the "borders," it has been witness to many a foray between the warrior-farmer n. and s. of its banks, as well as many a deadly strag gle between the rival houses of the s. of Scotland; and its name is frequent in ballad and story. The Tweed is famous as a salmon and trout stream.