Turkey
Turkey Meleagris, A Genus Of Gallinaceous Birds Of The Family Pavonida, Or, According To Some Ornithologists, Of A Distinct Family, Meleagridce, Both, However, Being Included By Others In Plzasianidce. The Head Is Bare, The Neck Wattled, And The Bill Of The Male Surmounted With A Conical Fleshy Caruncle, Sometimes Erected, ...
Turkey Red
Turkey-red. This Celebrated Color—the Most Durable, And Perhaps One Of The Most Beautiful Which Has Been Produced On Cotton—is Dyed By A Process Supposed I To Have Been Practiced In Ndia From Immemorial Time. It Passed From Thence Through Other Parts Of Asia To The Countries Of The Levant, And ...
Turkey In
Turkey In Asia.—this Portion Of The Turkish Empire Is More Hilly Than The Other, The Two Almost Parallel Ranges, Taurus And Anti-taurus, Which Are The Basis Of Its Mountain-system, Cover Almost The Whole Of The Peninsula Of Asia Or Anatolia (q.v.), With Their Ramifications And Offshoots, Funning The Surface Into ...
Turkey_2
Turkey Tx Europe, Generally Hilly And Undulating, Is Traversed By A Mountain Sys Tem Which Has Its In The Alps, Enters Turkey At The N.w. Corner, And Runs Nearly Parallel To The Coast, Under The Names Of The Dinaric Alps And Mt. Pindus, As Far As The Greek Frontier. This ...
Turkish Language And Literature
Turkish Language And Literature. The Turkish Is One Of The Turanian (q.v.) Idioms, And Is Chiefly Divided Into Eastern And Western Turkish. The Former Is Mainly Represented By The Uigur (damatai), An Idiom But Recently Recognized Not Only To Belong, To The Turkic Stock, But To Be Its Most Ancient ...
Turkistan
Turkistan', "the Country Of The Turks," Called Also Jagatai, And By The Persians Turan, Is An Extensi7e Region Of Central Asia. Stretching From The Caspian Sea Eastward To Beyond Lob-nor (long. E.), And From Siberia And Dzungaria Southward To Persia Afghanistan, And Thibet. Until Quite Recently, It Was Supposed That ...
Turks
Turks, The Name Of A Numerous, Important, And Widely-spread Family Of The Human Race, Members Of Which Are To Be Found As Well On The Banks Of The Lena In Siberia, As On Those Of The Danube And The Shores Of The Adriatic In Europe. The Turks Belong To The ...
Turmeric
Turmeric, Curcuma Lancet,. See Curcuma, A Plant Of The Natural Order Scitaminau A Native Of The East Indies. Much Cultivated Both In India And In Cochin-china. The Leaves Arc Lanceolate. Sheathing Each Other At The Base, About A Foot Long; They Spring From The Crown Of The Root, And From ...
Turner
Turner, Dosertr Mallard The Greatest Of British Landscape Painters, Was Born At 26 Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, In 1775. The Precise Day Of His Birth Is Unknown; But An Approximation To It Is Furnished By His Baptism, Which Is Reg Istered In The Parish Church As Of Date May ...
Turning
Turning, The Art Of Shaping Wood, Metal, Ivcry, Or Other Hard Substances Into Forms Having A Curved (generally Circular Or Oval) Transverse Section, And Also Of Engrav Inc Figures Composed Of Curved Lines Upon A Smooth Surface, By Means Of A Machine Called A Turning-lathe. Thus Art Is Of Great ...
Turnip
Turnip, Brassica Rapa (see Brassica), A Biennial Plant, With Lyratc Hispid Leaves;' The Upper Part Of The Root Becoming, Especially In Cultivation, Swollen And Fleshy. It Is A Native Of Europe And The Temperate Parts Of Asia, Growing In Borders Of Fields And Waste Places. It Is Commonly Regarded As ...
Turpentine
Turpentine Is A Semi-solid Resin Which Is Yielded By Various Species Of Pine, And By Some Other Trees When Incisions Are Made Into Them. The Chief Varieties Of Turpen Tine Are Common Turpentine, Yielded By Pines Abies; Venice Turpentine, Yielded By The Larch; Bordeaux Turpentine, Yielded By Pines Maritima; And ...
Turpin
Turpin, Archbishop Of Rheims, Friend And Companion Of Charlemagne, And Eye Witness Of The Exploits Lie Relates—such Are The Names And Qualifications Assumed By The Author Of A Chronicle In Latin Prose Narrating The Expedition Of The Frankish Emperor Against The Saracens Of Spain, And Particularly The Events That Preceded ...
Turret Ship
Turret-ship, A Recent Invention In Naval Warfare, Consists Of An Iron-plated Vessel Rising Lint Slightly Above The Water. In The Middle Of The Deck Are One Or More Turrets Incased In The Most Massive Plates, And Holding Each One Or Two Guns Of Heavy Caliber. The Turret, In American Vessels, ...
Turtle
Turtle, The Popular Name Of Thosa Chelonian Reptiles. The Family Clieloniadw Of Some. Which Have A Rather Flat And Fin-like Paddles Instead Of Legs, Suited For Swimming, And Not For Walkin7. The Fore-limhs Are Much Longer Than The Hind Limbs. The Toes Are Not All Furnished With Nails; In Some ...
Tuscany
Tuscany, Formerly A Sovereign Grand Duchy In The W. Of Italy, Lying For The Most Part, But Not Wholly, S. And W. Of "the Apennines, In Lat. 42° 10 N., And Long. 10° 15'-12° 20' East. Area, 8,440 Sq.m.; Pop. In 1860, At Date Of Its Annexation To Sardinia, 1,800,000; ...
Tusculudi
Tus'culudi, Anciently A City Of Latium, About 15 M. S. Of Rome, Was Situated On A Ridge Of Hills Known As The Colles Tusculani, And Forming Part Of The Alban Range. We Ought Not To Infer From Its Name (as Festus Does, S.r.tuscos) That It Had Any Connec Tion With ...
Tutor
Tutor, In The Law Of Scotland, Means A Guardian Of The Person As Well As Of The Estate Of A Boy Under 14, Or A Girl Under 12; That Is, While They Are In A State Under That Of Puberty. At Common Law, A Father Is Both Tutor And Curator ...
Tweed
Tweed, The Most Famous Of Scottish Rivers, Rises In The Extreme S. Of Peeblesshire, At An Elevation Of 1500 Ft. Above Sea Level. It Flows N.e. To Near Peebles, Thence E. By S. To Its Junction With Ettrick Water, And Thence In An Easterly And Finally North-easterly Direction To Its ...
Tweed_2
Tweed, Wilmaxf Marcy, 1823-78; B. N. Y.; Son Of A Ehair-m'aker, And Followed The Same Business, Receiving Slight Education; Entered Politics While A Very Young Man, And Was An Alderman In 1830, And Member Of Congress In 1853. In 1857-59 Was School Commissioner Of The 7th Ward; Became A Member ...
Tweeds
Tweeds, A Name Originally Given To A Certain Kind Of Woolen Cloth, Produced In The S. Of Scotland, Largely Made At Galashiels, Hawick, Selkirk, Jedburgh, And Other Places On The Tweed And Its Tributaries. It Is Prepared Chiefly For Men's Apparel, But Its Use And Consumption For Women's Wear Has ...
Twelve Tables
Twelve Tables (lat. Lex Or Leges Duodecim Tabularum) The Name Given To The Earliest Code Of Roman Law. According To The Ancient Account, The Code Originated In This Wise: In The Year 462 B.c. A Tribune, C. Terentilius Arse, Brought Forward A Pro Posal To Appoint Five Men To B.c., ...
Twilight
Twilight. If The Earth Had No Atmosphere, We Should Be Involved In Total Dark Ness From The Instant Of Sunset Till The Instant Of Sunrise. The Transition From Day To Night And From Night To Day, Occupies An Interval Which Varies With The Latitude And The Declination Of The Sun, ...
Tyburn
Ty'burn, Previously To 1783, The Chief Place Of Execution In London, Was Situated Near The N.e. Corner Of Hyde Park, At The Western Extremity Of Oxford Street, And At The Point Where The Edgeware And Uxbridge Roads Unite. It Took Its Name From It Small Stream Which Ran From Hampstead ...
Tyler
Tyler, Joux, Tenth President Of The United States, B. In Charles City Co., Virginia, Mar. 29, 1790. His Father Was An Officer Of The Army In The Revolution, And A Judge Of The Federal Court Of Admiralty. John Entered William And Mary College At 12, And Grad Uated At 17, ...
Type
Type, In Theology, An Image Or Representation Of Some Object Which Is Called The Antitype. In Theological Use It Is Applied Chiefly, Although Not Exclusively, To Those M.ophetic Prefigurings Of The Persons And Things Of The New Dispensation Which Are Found Rn The Ritual, And Even In The History Of ...
Type Setting Machines
Type-setting Machines. The First Type-composing Machine On The Records Of The English Patent Office Appears To Be That Of Mr. Church, And The Specification Of His Patent Is Dated Mar., 1822. This, After A Lapse Of 20 Years, Was Followed By A Number Of Others• Scarcely A Year Passing Without ...
Typhon
Typhon, In Egyptian Mythology, Was The Greek Name Of A Son Of Seb (kronos) And Nut (rhea). The Latter Gave Birth To Five Children On The Last Five Days Of The Year; First, Osiris And Haroeris, Then Typhon, And Lastly Isis And Nephthys. The Egyptian Name Of Typhon Was Set, ...
Typhoons
Typhoons' (chinese Tei-fun. I.e. "hot Wind;" The Word, It Need Scarcely Be Said, Has No Connoeti.m With The Typhon Of Mythology) Are Violent Storms Which Blow On The Coast Of Tonquin And China As Far N. As Ningpo And The S.e. Coasts Of Japan. Varenius, In His Geographic Naturalis, Describes ...
Typhus And Typhoid Fevers
Typhus A.nd Typhoid Fevers Have So Much In Common, That To Avoid Repetition, We Shall Discuss Them In One Article. Until Comparatively Few Years Ago, It Was Gener Ally Believed That No Definite Distinctions Could He Drawn Between The Various Forms Of Continued Low Fever Znet With In This Country. ...
Tyrant
Tyrant (gr. Tyrannos,• Doric For Koiranos, From Kuros Or Kurios, A Lord Or Master), A Name Given In Modern Times To An Arbitrary And Oppressive Ruler, But Originally Applied, Not Necessarily To One That Exercised Power Badly, But Merely To One That Had Obtained It Illegally, And Therefore Equivalent To ...
Tyrol
Tyrol' (in German More Commonly Spelled Tirol; Not Spoken Of As Claslirol, Though Usually Called In England The Tyrol) Forms With Vorarlberg The Most Westerly Province Of The Austro-hungarian Monarchy, And Borders N., W., And S. On Bavaria, Switzerland, And Italy. Area, Including Vorarlberg, 12,311 Sq.m.; Pop. '69, 885,789. Tyrol ...
Tyrone
Tyrone' (tir-owen, " Owen's Country"), An Inland Co. Of Ulster, Ireland, Bounded N. By Londonderry, E. By Armagh And Lough Neagh, S. By Monaghan And Fermanagh, And W. By The Last-named County And Donegal. A Portion Of Lough Neagh Is Assigned By The Ordnance Survey To This County; And, Including ...
Tzenia And
Tzenia And Tieniad/e. See Tapeworm. The Name Given To The Chinese Rebels Who Made Their Appearance In 1850, And (see Chinese E3ipire) Desolated Some Of The Best Cultivated Provinces Of China. After The War Of 1860 It Became The Interest Of The English, French, And Amer Ican Governments To Re-establish ...
Ucayali
Ucay'ali, A Great River Of South America, One Of The Chief Head-waters Of The Ama Zon. It Joins The Amazon From The S., In S. Lat. 4' 40', And W. Long. 73° 30', Opposite The Town Of Nauta In Ecuador; But The Whole Course Of The River Is In Peru. ...
Uhland
Uhland, Jon. Ludwig, A Celebrated German Poet, Was Born At Tubingen, April 26, 1787, Studied At Theuniversity Of His Native City, Add First Appeared As A Writer Of Verse In Seekendorf's .1insen-aimanach (1806-7). For Several Years He Continued To Publish Ballads And Other Lyrics In Various Periodicals, The First Collection ...
Uist
Uist, Nontrt And Soum. Two Islands Of The Outer Hebrides, Are Situated Frckm 15 To 18 M. W. Of The Isle Of Skye, From Which They Are Separated By The Little Minch. Unlike The Other Islands Of The Hebrides, The E. Coasts Of North And South Uist Are Much And ...
Ulcers
Ulcers (derived From The Latin Uleus, A Wound) May Be Arranged Either According To The Constitutional Or Specific Disease From Which They Are Derived, Or According To The Characters Which They Present. According To The First System, We Speak Of Ulcers As Healthy, Inflammatory, Strumous, Etc.; While, According To The ...
Ulfilas
Ulfilas (ulphilns, Loulfilas = Little Wolf), The Celebrated Translator Of The Bible Into Gothic, Was Born About Of .marcomannian Parents, N. Of The Danube. Among A Gothic Population. Consecrated Bishop In 348, He Was Expelled By His Heathen Com Patriots From His Native Place, And Sought Refuge, Together With A ...
Ulric
Ulric, Sm., Bishop Of Augsburg, And Venerated As One Of The Fathers Of The German Church, Was B. At Augsburg About The Year 890. His Father, Hupald, Was One Of Those Counts Of Dillingen Who Play So Important A Part In Medieval German History, And Ulric Himself Owed Part At ...
Ulster
Ulster (lat. Ultonia), A Province Of Ireland, The Most Northern Of The Four Provinces Which Compose That Kingdom (see Ireland), Is Divided Into Nine Counties—antrim. Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Monaghan, And Tyrone, Each Of Which Is Described Under Its Proper Head. The Territorial Distribution Under Which Ulster Formed ...
Ultra Vires
Ultra. Vires, A Legal Term Meanirg, Literally, "beyond One's Powers," And Employed Since The Law Of Corporations Has Become Of Great Importance. To Indicate Acts Or Contracts Entered Into By Corporate Bodies, Beyond The Scope Of The Powers Given Them Expressly Or From Implicatiou In Their Charters. It Is Clear ...
Ultramarine
Ultramarine', A Beautiful Blue Pigment, Formerly Obtained Only From The Very Valuable Mineral, Lapis-lazuli; But An Artificial Kind Is Now Made So Cheaply, And Is So Good, That It Is Generally Used Instead. The True Ultramarine, From Its Costly Nature, Was Only Used By Artists; The Artificial Sort Is, However, ...
Ulyxes Ulysses
Ulysses, Ulyxes, And Ulixes, The Latin Forms Of The Greek Odysseus, I.e., The " Angry," The Name Of One Of The Mast Celebrated Heroes Of The Trojan War. Differeu Accounts Are Given Of His Parentage; But According To The Oldest Legend, The Homeric, He Was The Son Of Laertes, Prince ...
Umbria
'umbria, One Of The Ancient Divisions Of Italy, W. Of Etruria, And N, Of The Country Of The Sabines. It Is Usually Described As Extending From The Tiber Eastward To The Adriatic; But While This Was Probably The Case In Pre-historic Times, It Was Not So During Any Part Of ...
Unaka Mountains
Unaka. Mountains, The Western And Southern Part Of The Appalachians, Along And Near The Boundary Between North Carolina And Tennessee; Length Between The Two States, About 200 M. In A S.w. Course. North Of The Watanga River The Unakas Have Three Ridges Divided By Wide And Beautiful Valleys. In Virginia ...
Unconformable Strata
Unconformable Strata Are Strata Which Rest On The More Or Less Inclined Edges Of Older Beds. The Existence Of Unconformability In A Series Of Strata Is An Indication Of An Interval Sufficiently Long To Permit Of The Consolidation, Disturbance, And Upheaval, Denudation, And Subsequent Depression Of The Inferior Beds. No ...
Unction
Unction (int. Unctio, An Anointing, From Singe, I Anoint), The Practice Of Anointing The Body, Or Certain Portions Of The Body, With Oil, Especially With The Oil Of Olives. It Was Resorted To By The Ancients From Motives Of Health (see Oils), Of Athletic Develop Ment, Or Of But The ...
Unfermented Bread
Unfermented Bread. Under This Heading We May Briefly Notice One Or Two Improvements Which Have Been Introduced Into The Manufacture Of Aerated Bread, Give Some Details Supplementary To The Article Under The Latter Heading In Vol. I. Of The Encyclopcedk, And Indicate The General Bearings Of This Kind Of Baking, ...
Ungulata
Ungula'ta (ante). The Order Of Hoofed Quadrupeds Is One Of The Largest Of The Mammalian Division Of Vertebrate Anintals. It Comprises Three Entire Old Orders, The Pachydermata, Solidungula, And Ruminantia. The Pachydermata Included The Elephant., Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus. Tapit. And The Pig, Animals Having Thick Skins, And The• Name Pachyderm Is ...
Unicorn
Unicorn (lat. Unum Cornu, One Horn), An Animal Probably Fabulous, Mentioned By Ancient Grecian And Roman Authors As A Native Of India, And Described As Being Of The Size Of A Horse, Or Larger, The Body Resembling That Of A Horse, And With Ouc Horn Of A Cubit And A ...
Union
Union. The Crowns Of England And Scotland Were United Under One Sovereign On The Accession Of James Vi. Of Scotland To The English Throne As James I. In But For Above A Century Longer Each Country Continued To Be Ruled By Its Respective Parlia Ment, The Interest Of The One ...
Union Theological Seminary
Union Theological Seminary. In New York. Founded 1836. Its Build Ings Were On Ground Extending From Greene To Wooster Streets, Betwean 6tii And Silt Str.cts, Then Quite On The Outskirts Of The City. A Few Weeks Before, The Great Fire Of 1835 Haul Greatly Reduead The Resources Of Its Friends. ...
Union University
Union University (thcrox College, Ante), Schenectady, N. Y., Founded 1795. It Acquired By Its Charter Full University Powers, But Until 1873 Was Known As Union College, The Name Having Been Suggested By The Fact That Several Religious Denominations Co-operated In Founding It. As Organized Under The New Charter Of 1873, ...
Unitarians
Unitarians (ante), First Appeared, Organically, In The United States In King's Chapel (now " Stone Chapel"), Boston, The First Episcopal Church Established In New England—where Mr. James Freeman, Having Been Appointed A " Lay Reader" Avowed Unitarian Sentiments, Inducing The Congregation To Declare Themselves Independent, Alter The Liturgy (1785), And ...
United Brethren In Christ
United Brethren In Christ, A Church Formed In 1760 Among The Germans In Pennsylvania, By Philip William Otterbein, Sent To America By The Synod Of Holland As A Missionary. This Church Has Often Been Confounded With The Moravians, With Whom, However, It Has No Ecclesiastical Connection. Otterbein Commenced His Labors ...
United Evangelical Church
United Evangelical Church, Established In Germany, 1817, By The Union Of Portions Of The Lutheran And Reformed Churches. Such A Union Had Been Attempted Without Success In 1529, 1631, 1661, And By Frederick I. Of Prussia, 1703-22. Frederick William I. Published Several Decrees Having The Same Object In View. It ...
United Presbyterian
United Presbyterian Cel1trch.—the Career Of This Church As A Corporate Body Has Been One Of Uninterrupted Prosperity, And Scarcely More Is Necessary Than To Indicate Its Present Attitude And Condition. In Point Of Doctrine, It Adheres (like All The Other Pres Byterian Churches Of Scotland) To The Westminster Confession Of ...
United Presbyterian Church
United Presbyterian Church, The Name Of A Religious Body In Scotland, Which Was Constituted In 1847 By The Amalgamation Of The E.',zcession And Relief Churches, Whose Origin And History We Propose Briefly To Narrate. The Secession Clluncrr.—the Causes Which Led To The Formation Of The Secession Church, In Order To ...
United Presbyterian Church Of
United Presbyterian Church Of North America, Formed, 1858, By The Union Of The Associate And Associate Reformed Churches. I. The Associate Church In The United States Had Its Origin In The Persecutions Which Drove Parties Of Scotch And Irish Covenanters To The American Colonies. In 1680 Some Of Them Settled ...
United States Military Academy
United States Military Academy, West Point, N. Y., Founded By Act Of Congress Approved Mar. 16, 1802. The Experience Of The Country In The War Of The Revolution Convinced Washington And Other Statesmen Of The Need Of Such An Institution, And The Act Above Referred To Was The Result Of ...
United States Naval Academy
United States Naval Academy, Founded In 1845, And Opened At Annapo Lis, Md., On Oct. 10, In That Year. The Idea Originated With George Bancroft, Who Was Secretary Of The Navy In The Cabinet Of Pres. Polk; And The Institution Was At First Called The Naval School, Under The Direction ...
United States Navy
United States Navy. The Americans Were A Maritime People From The Time Of The First Settlement Of The Colonies; And, As Maritime Commerce Was Conducted In The 17th C. In The Midst Of Constant Danger From Pirates, Indians, And Freebooters, All Vessels Sailing Out Of American Ports Were Armed; While ...
United States Oe Anerica
United States Oe Anerica, A Federated Republic, Composed Of 38 Independent States, Eight Organized And Two Other Territories, And A Federal District, Occupies The Cen Tral Portion Of The Continent Of North America, From Lat. 24° 20' To 49° N., Long. 66° 56' To 124° 30' W., Bounded N. By ...
United States Of America
United States Of America (ante). The Tenth Decennial Census Gives The Population Of The United States As 50,152,866; Divided As To Sex Into 25,520,582 Males, And 24,632,284 Females, The Proportion Being 96,519 Females To 100,000 Males; Whereas The Proportion In 1870 Was 97,801 To 100,000. The Center Of Population Was ...
Universalists
Universalists (ante), Claim That Their Doctrine Was Preached In America By Dr. George De Benneville In 1741; That The Rev. Richard Clarke, An Episcopal Clergyman Of Charleston, S. C., Maintained It For Many Years; And That Dr. Mayhew, A Congrega Tional Pastor In Boston, Advocated It In 1762. The First ...
University
University (lat. 'unitersitas, Corporation), A Corporation Of Teachers Or Students Instituted For The Promotion Of The Higher Education. Mr. Kirkpatrick, In His Histori Cally Received Conception Of A University (loud. 1857), Poikts Out. The Prototype Of The Uni Versities Of Modern Europe In The Schools Of Isocrates And Plato At ...