TZENIA AND TiENIAD/E. See TAPEWORM.
the name given to the Chinese rebels who made their appearance in 1850, and (see CHINESE E3IPIRE) desolated some of the best cultivated provinces of China. After the war of 1860 it became the interest of the English, French, and Amer ican governments to re-establish order in China. The repulse of the rebels at Shanghai in Aug., 1860 had been followed by several engagements between them and the imper ialists, in which the Tae-pings were defeated, mainly in consequence of the re-organiza tion of the imperial army by Ward, an American. In the beginning of 1862 the Tae pings again advanced on Shanghai, and were twice defeated. In that year Ward was killed; and "Ward's force," handed over to an English officer, took the name of Gor don's brigade. Permission was also granted to capt.. Sherard Osborne to organize in England a small fleet of gun-boats, to ascend the Chinese rivers and re-establish order. Gordon's brigade rendered essential service to the imperial government. The rebels were defeated in upward of 16 engagements; and in 1864 almost every important city was taken from them. Capt. Sherard Osborne's expedition was less successful. He found that the jealousy of Chinese officials would not permit him to take the steps neces sary to discharge properly the duty he had undertaken, and he therefore threw up his commission, and returned to England. The conduct of the imperial authorities at Su
chow, where a horrible massacre took place,•led to the withdrawal of the English mili tary force: but the rebellion had been effectually checked. They were finally dispersed in April, 1865, when they were routed by the imperial army at Kia-ying-chou in Kwan tung. In the same year, the Nienfei, or marauders of the north, began to be troublesome. This was a marauding expedition, without political significance, organized by restless spirits among farmers who had been ruined by the overflowing of the Yellow river, the repair of the embankments of which had been neglected ou account of the confusion and expense of the Tae-ping rebellion. The last show of active warfare made by a body of Nienfei was in the aginning of 1866, when, joined by some imperialist regi ments whose pay was in arrear, they threatened Hankow; and would have attacked the European settlement but for the arrival of some English gun-boats. The malcon tent imperialists were easily brought back to allegiance, and the marauders were dis persed, and have not been authentically heard of since.
The Mohammedans of the n.w. of China give the imperial government trouble from time to time. Their risings are often on political grounds, and they are on this account apt to be confounded with the annihilated Tae-pings. See PANTHATS.