CANROBERT, FRANceos CERTAIN, DE, Marshal of France, b. in 1809, studied in the military school of St. Cyr. and in 1828 entered the army. In 1835, he sailed for Algeria, and during the war in the province of Oran was made a rapt. In the storming of Constantine, he was one of the first who entered the breach, when he received a wound in the leg. About the same time he had the decoration of the legion of honor conferred upon him. In 1846, he became lieut.col., and soon after col. In 1848, 'he had the command of an expedition against the tribes of the Bouaoun, whom he defeated at the pass of Djerma, and was victorious against the Kabyles. As gen. of brigade, in 1850 he led an expedition through the rocky country of Narah, and destroyed the Arab strong hold there. In Jan., 1853, he became a gen. of division. He had the command of the first division of the French army under marshal St. Arnaud, sent to the Crimea in 1854; and at the battle of the Alma, was wounded in the breast and hand by the splinter of a shell. On the death of the marshal, C. took the chief command of the French army.
In the war in Italy against the Austrians, in 1859, C. had the command of the third divi sion of the French army; and at the battle of Magenta, June 4, his corps d'annee turned the left of the Austrians. In the great battle of Solferino, ou the 24th of the same month, his division was hotly engaged, and lost 1000 men in killed and wounded. In 1860, he married Miss Macdonald, a Scotch lady. When war was declared by France against Prussia. in 1870, he was one of the generals in command at Woerth, where the french received such a defeat. C. was shut up in Metz with Bazaine, and became a prisoner in Germany. In 1877, he was elected a member of the French senate. •