CARLOS DE BOURBON, Don MARIA IsIEmR, b. Mar. 29, 1788, was the second son of Charles IV. of Spain, and was educated chiefly by priests. After the expulsion of the French from Spain, his brother, Ferdinand VII., reasceuded the throne; but having married thrice without issue, Don C. began to cherish the hope of succeeding his brother. An insurrection in his interest broke out in 1825, in Catalonia; but was put down, Don C. himself not participating in it. A fourth time, however, the indefatig able Ferdinand married, and the result was a daughter, the infanta Maria Isabella (late queen of Spain), b. Oct. 10, 1830. Now, as the Salic law, excluding females from succession to the throne, had been abrogated, the hopes of the Carlists, as the followers of Don C. were called, were destroyed. During the illness of the king, in Sept. 1832, the Carlists succeeded so far as to win from him a re-institution of the Salic law; but he revoked it again as soon as lie had partially recovered, and thus Don C. was again disappointed. As he still continued his agitation, he was banished, in 1833, to Portugal, and soon afterwards was commanded to reside in the papal states. But before C. had embarked for Italy, king Ferdinand VII. died, Sept. 29, 1833. Don C. was now recognized as heir to the throne of Spain, not only by the Carlists but also by Dom Miguel in Portugal; and having refused to obey the queen-regent's order for his deportation to Italy, lie was declared a rebel, Oct. 16, 1833. By the quadruple alliance
of Spain, Portugal, England, and France, both C. and Dom Miguel were banished from Portugal, and in June, 1834, the former embarked for England. In the following month, lie returned to the continent, passed in disguise through France into Spain, where lie excited an insurrection iu the northern provinces, but was ultimately corn pelled to escapa into France. In 1830, his claims to the throne were unanimously rejected by the constituent cortes. In 1844, he abdicated in favor of his eldest son, and died at Trieste, Mar. 10, 1855.—Dox CARLOS, his son, b. 1818, was better known as the count de Montemolin. This second pretender made an attempt, in 1849, to pass under a disguise through France into Spain, but failed. In 1860, a Carlist insurrection was once more attempted, in consequence of which the count de Montemolin and his brother were arrested, but liberated after the former had signed a renunciation of all his claims to the Spanish throne. He d. in 1861. The present representative of his pretensions is his nephew, Don Carlos, son of his brother Juan, b. 1848. On his behalf, Carlist risings—speedily repressed—took place in 1869, 1870, and 1872; but the insurrection headed by Don Carlos, after the abdication of king Amadeo, in 1873, proved much more formidable, and kept the northern provinces of Spain in great con fusion till the beginning of 1876, when it was crushed.