Carthusians
Carthusians, A Monastic Order Which Owes Its Origin To St. Bruno, Who Retired In 1086 With Six Companions To The Solitude Of La Chartreuse (whence The Name), Near Grenoble, Where They Built Hermitages, Wore Rude Garments, And Lived Upon Vegetables And Coarse Bread. In 1134, The Fifth Prior, Guigo, Composed ...
Cartilaginous Fishes
Cartilaginous Fishes Are Those Fishes Which Have A Skeleton Destitute Of Bony Fibers. In Some Of These Fishes, The Skeleton Is Merely Rudimentary, So That They Seem To Form An Intermediate Link Between Vertebrate And Invertebrate Animals. In The Lance Lets (q.v.), (amphioxus), It Consists Of Nothing More Than A ...
Cartoon
Cartoon (ital. Carton, Pasteboard; From Lat. Charta, Paper). In The Fine Arts, C. Is A Design On Strong Paper, Of The Full Size Of A Work To Be Afterwards Executed Either In Fresco, Oil Color, Or Tapestry. The Object Of The Artist In Preparing A C. Is. That He May ...
Cartridge
Cartridge Is A Cylindrical Case Made To Contain Either The Whole Or A Part Of The Materials For Discharging From A Fire-arm. Those For Ordnance Or Large Guns Are Chiefly Made Of Serge And Flannel, Sewn Up Into The Form Of A Bag, Which, Supplied With A Given Weight Of ...
Carving
Carving, A Subordinate Branch Of Sculpture, Is Usually Performed On Ivory Or Wood. No Was The Favorite Material For This Purpose In The E. From An Early Period. Among The Babylonians, Who Likewise Practiced Gem-engraving To A Great Extent, Carved Heads For Staves Were Executed In Vast Quantities, As Every ...
Case Hardening
Case-hardening Is The Process Of Converting The Surface Of Certain Kinds Of Mal Leable•iron Goods Into Steel, Thereby Making Them Harder, Less Liable To Rust, And Capable Of Taking On A Better Polish. Fire-irons, Portions Of Fine Grate-fronts, Gun-locks, And Other Articles Of Limited Size, Are Very Commonly So Treated, ...
Cashew Nut
Cashew' Nut, Anacardium Oceidentale, A Tree Of The Natural Order Anacardiaeece, A Native Probably Of The Tropical Parts Of Both Hemispheres, Although It Has Been Commonly Regarded As Of American Origin. It Is A Spreading Tree Of No Great Height. It Abounds In A Clammy, Milky Juice, Which Turns Black ...
Cashmere
Cashmere', A Valley Of The Himalaya, Between India Proper And Middle Tibet, Stretching Between Fat, 33° 15' And 34° 33' N., And Long. 74° 10' And 75' 40' E. Its Bottom, A Comparative Level Of About 2,000 Sq.m., Is 5,500 Ft. Above The Sea; While The Enclosure, As A Whole, ...
Cashmere Goat
Cashmere Goat, A Variety Of The Common Goat, Remarkable For Its Very Long, Fine, And Silky Hair, From Which The Highly Valued Cashmere Shawls Are Made. It Is Not So Much In Cashmere That This Variety Of Goat Is To Be Found, As In Thibet, From Which The Finest Goat-hair ...
Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea, An Inland Sea Or Great Salt Lake, The Largest In The World, On The Boundary Between Europe And Asia, Extending From Lat. 36° 40' To 47° 20' N., And Long. 46° 50' To 55° 10' East. Its Length From N. To S. Is About 700 M., And Its ...
Cassel
Cassel, The Capital Of The Former Electorate Of Hesse-cassel, Now A Portion Of Prus Sia, Pleasantly Situated On Both Sides Of The Fulda, Here A Navigable River, 120 M. By Rail, N.a.e. Of Frankfort-on-the-main. It Contains (1875) 53,043 Inhabitants, Including Military And Servants And Laborers Connected With Them. The Oldest ...
Cassia
Cassia, A Name Given By The Ancients To A Kind Of Medicinal Bark, But Their Descriptions Are So Imperfect That It Is Impossible To Determine What Bark It Is. The Name Is Employed In The English Translation Of The Old Testament In Exodus Xxx. 24, And In Psa. Xlv. 8, ...
Cassino
Cassi'no, A Game At Cards Played By Two Or More Persons. Four Cards Are Dealt, One At A Time, To Each Player, And Four Are Turned Face Up On The Table. After The Bands Are Played The Greatest Number Of Cards Counts The Holder Three, The Greatest Number Of Spades ...
Cassius
Cas'sius, Losoi'xus Cams, One Of Caesar's Assassins. At The Breaking Out Of The Civil War, Though A Tribune Of The Plebs, Lie Sided With Pompey And The Aristocratic Fac Tion Against Caesar. He Was Taken Prisoner By The Latter, Who Pardoned Him, And Even Made Him One Of His Legates. ...
Cassowary
Cassowary, Casuarius, A Genus Of Birds Nearly Allied To The Ostrich (see Buevr 1•1:nnes And Osritten), But Distinctively Characterized By Still Greater Shortness Of Wing, By A Laterally Compressed Bill, By A Bony Crest, By Pendent Wattles On The Naked Neck, :ind By Three Toes On Each Foot, All Furnished ...
Caste
Caste, A Term Applied Chiefly To Distinct Classes Or Sections Of Society In India, And, In A Modified Sense, To Social Distinctions Of An Exclusive Nature Among The Nations Of The West. When, At The End Of The 15th C., The Portuguese Began To Penetrate To India By The Cape ...
Castelah
Castelah% Emmo, B. 1832; An Author, Statesman, And President Of The Spanish Republic. He Was The Son Of A Broker, And At The Death Of His Father Was Left In Poverty, But Managed To Secure A Good Education. Ile Came Before The Public As A Writer Of Novels, More Prominently ...
Castile
Castile' (spanish, Castil1a) Forms, In A Geographical And Political Point Of View, The Central District Of The Spanish Peninsula, Being The Middle And Most Strongly Marked Plateau Of Spain, As Well As The Central Seat Of The Monarchy. Both And Politically It Is Divided Into Old And New Castile—castilla La ...
Casting Net
Casting-net, A Species Of Net Very Widely Distributed, Having Been Found In Use Amongst Various Savage Tribes In Different Parts Of The World, Some Of Whom, From Long And Constant Practice, Use It With A Dexterity And Address Unknown In England. The Nets Used In England Are Usually From 13 ...
Castle
Castle (sax. Eastel; Lat. Castellum, Dimin. From Castrum), A Building Constructed For The Purpose Of Repelling, Attack. The Root Of The Word Is The Sante As That Of Cash, A Little House Or Hut, And Probably Means A Driving Off Or Repelling; And It Is Worthy Of Notice. In Confirmation ...
Castor Oil
Castor Oil, A Fixed Oil Obtained From The Seeds Of The C. 0. Plant. In Extracting Time Oil, The Seeds Are First Bruised Between Heavy Rollers, And Then Pressed In Hempen Bags Under A Hydraulic Or Screw Press. The Best Variety Of Oil Is Thus Obtained By Press Ure In ...
Castor And Pollux
Castor And Pollux, Twin Gods Of Greece And Rome; Known Under The Name Of Dioscuri (from Dios Or Jupiter, And Kouroi, Children); Children Of Jupiter By Leda, Who Met The Divinity In His Form Of A Swan. The Dioscuri Were Specially Reverenced Among People Of The Dorian Race, And Were ...
Casuarina
Casuari'na, A Genus Of Trees Of The Natural Order Anwntacra% And Of The Camiarinew, Which Is Regarded By Sonic As A Distinct Natural.order. The Trees Of This Genus Are Almost Exclusively Australian; One Only, C. Cqui4e.tifolia, Being Found In The South Sea Islands, The Indian Archipelago, The Malayan Peninsula, And ...
Catacaustic Caustic
Caustic, Catacaustic, And Diacacstic. In Optics, C. Is The Name Given To The Curved Line Formed By The Ultimate Intersections Of A System Of Rays Reflected Or Refracted From A Reflecting Or Refracting Surface, When The Reflection Or Refraction Is Inaccurate. When The C. Curve Is Formed By Reflection, It ...
Catacombs
Catacombs (gr. Kata, And Kumbos, A Hollow), Subterraneous Chambers And Passages Formed Generally In A Rock, Which Is Soft And Easily Excavated, Such As Tufa. C. Are To Be Found In Almost Every Country In Which Such Rocks Exist, And, In Most Cases, Proba Bly Originated In Mere Quarries, Which ...
Catalepsy
Catalepsy (katalepsis, A Taking Possession Of), A State Of More Or Less Complete Insensibility, With Absence Of The Power Of Voluntary Motion, And Statue-like Fixedness Of The Body And Limbs In The Attitude Immediately Preceding The Attack, A Like Position Being Also Retained, Unless Altered By Force, Until The Return ...
Catalo Ma
Catalo Ma (spanish, Cataluha), An Old Province And Principality Of Spain, Now Divided Into The Provinces Of Barcelona, Tarragona, Lerida, And Gerona, The Total Area Being 12,180 In., And The Pop. '70, 1,768,408. C. Occupies The North-eastern Corner Of Spain, Having France On The N., And The Mediterranean On The ...
Catania Or Catanea
Cata'nia. Or Catanea, A City And Seaport Of Sicily, Situated On The E. Coast, Near The Foot Of Mt. Etna, 31 M. N N.w. Of Syracuse. The Fertile And Well-cultivated Neigh Borhood Of C., Extending Along The See.. Base Of Mt. Etna, Is Styled. " The Granary Of Sicily," And ...
Cataplasai
Cataplasai (a Greek Term For A Poultice), An Application To Diseased Or Painful Parts, For The Purpose Of Promoting Suppuration, Relieving Pain, And Stimulating Or Soothing The Skin, According To Circumstances. A C. May Be Composed Of Any Moist Pulpy Substance Of Sufficient Consistence To Retain The Water Without Dripping ...
Cataract
Cataract, An Opaque Condition Of The Lens Of The Eye. It Is Readily Distinguished From Opacities Of The Cornea, Or Clear Front Part Of The Eye, By Its Position Lust Behind The Pupil—that Round And Varying Aperture In The Iris Through Which Light Is Admitted Into The Back Of The ...
Catarrh
Catarrh (gr. Katarreo, I Flow Down), A Disease Of Great Frequency In Temperate Lati Tudes, Especially In Changeable Moist Climates In The Winter Season. From Its Well Known Connection With Sudden Falls Of Temperature, And Other Epidemic Or Atmospheric Causes (see Influenza), As Also From The Chill Often Experienced At ...
Catechise
Catechise, From A Greek Word, Katecheb, Which Means To Resound, Or Sound Into One's Ears; Hence To Instruct By Word Of Mouth. Pesons Undergoing Instruction In The Principles Of Christianity Were Hence Called Catechumens (icatechoumenot), And The Teacher Appointed For This Purpose Was Called A Catechist. Hence Any System Of ...
Catechit
Cat'echit, A Substance Employed Both As A Coloring Matter And Medicinally As An Astringent. The C. Of Commerce Is Obtained Chiefly From East Indian Trees, Such As The C. Tree (acacia Catechu), Betel-nut, Etc.; But The Greater Part Of That Which Is Exported From India Is Made From The C. ...
Categories
Categories. This Designation Has Come Down To Iis From Aristotle. One Of The Books Of His Organon Or Logical System Is So Named. Tlie C., Or Predicaments, As The Schoolmen Called Them, Are To Be Understood As An Attempt At A Comprehensive Classifica Tion Of All That Exists, For The ...
Caterpillar
Caterpillar, The Name Given To The Larvae Of Lepidopterous Insects—butterflies, Moths, And Hawk-moths. Caterpillars Exhibit As Great Differences As Subsist Among The Perfect Insects Into Which They Change, And The Family, Genus, And Species May Be Deter Mined By The Characters Of The C., As Well As Of The Perfect ...
Cates Cesar
Cesar, Cates (or Rather Gaids) Julius, Son Of A Roman Praetor Of The Same Name, Was B. 12th July, 100 B.c. Two Circumstances Conspired To Determine His Sympathies In Favor Of Democracy, And Against A Republican Oligarchy: The First Was The Marriage Of His Aunt Julia With Caius Marius; The ...
Catgut
Catgut Is Employed In The Fabrication Of The Strings Of Violins, Harps, Guitars, And Other Musical Instruments; As Also In The Cords Used By Clockmakers, In The Bows Of Archers, And In Whip-cord. It Is Generally Prepared From The Intestines Of The Sheep, Rarely From Those Of The Horse, Ass, ...
Catharine De Medici
Catharine De' Medici, The Queen Of Henri Ii. Of France, Was The Daughter Of Lorenzo De' Medici, Duke Of Urbino, And Was H. At Florence In 1519. In Her 14th Year She Was Brought To France, And Married To Ilenri, The Second Son Of Francis I. The Marriage Was A ...
Catharine I
Catharine I., Empress Of Russia, Was Originally By Name Martha Rabe, And Was The Posthumous Daughter Of John Rabe, A Swedish Quarter-master In Livonia. Her Mother Died In 1685, When She Was But Three Years Old. Left Hopeless And Destitute, A Parish-clerk Took Compassion On Her, And Supported Her, And ...
Catharine Ii
Catharine Ii,, Empress Of Russia, Was B. At Stettin On 25th April, 1720. Her Father, The Prince Of Anlialt-zerbst, Was A Prussian Field-marshal, And Governor Of Stet Tin. She Received The Name Of Sophia Augusta; But The Empress Elizabeth Of Russia Having Selected Her For The Wife Of Her Nephew ...
Catharine Of Aragon
Catharine Of Aragon, Queen Of England, The First Wife Of Henry Viii., And Fourth Daughter Of Ferdinand And Isabella, King And Queen Of Castile And Aragon, Was Dec., 1485. She Occupies A Prominent Place In English History, Not For What She Herself Was, But For What She Was The Occasion ...
Cathedral
Cathe'dral, From A Greek Word Cathedra, Signifying A Seat. Thus, " To Speak Ex Cathedra," Is To Speak As From A Seat Of Authority. The C. City Is The Seat Of The Bishop Of The Diocese, And His Throne Is Placed In The C. Church, Which Is The Parish Church ...
Cathedral_2
Cathedral (ante). As Christianity Was At First Established Chiefly In Cities, The Churches That Grew Up Adjacent To Them Were, Either Originally Or Eventually, Included In The Diocese Of The City Bishop. Throughout The Roman Empire The Ecclesiastical Divisions Were The Same As The Civil, And The Bishop's Seat Was ...
Catholic Roman Emancipation Act
Catholic (roman) Emancipation Act (10 Geo. Iv. C. 7). To Render This Famous Measure Intelligible, And Still More To Convey A Conception Of Its Importance To Younger Readers, It Is Necessary That We Should Preface Our Account Of It By A Slight Sketch Of The Position Of Our Roman Catholic ...
Catili Na
Catili Na, Lucius Sergius, Descended From A Patrician But Impoverished Family, Was B. About The Year 108 B.c. During His Youth, He Attached Himself To The Party Of Sulla. His Bodily Constitution, Which Was Capable Of Enduring Any Amount Of Labor, Fatigue, And Hardship, Allied To A Mind Which Could ...
Cato
Ca'to, Mancrs Poncrus, Surnamed Censorius And Sapiens ("the Wise"), Afterwards Known As Cato Prisms Or Cato Major—t0 Distinguish Him From Cato Of Utica—was B. At Ttisculum In 234 Fix. He Inherited From His Plebeian Father A Small Farm In The Country Of The Sabines, Where He Busied Himself In Agricultural ...
Catoptrics
Catop'trics. The Divisions Of The Science Of Optics Are Laid Out And Explained In The Article Optics (q.v.). C. Is That Subdivision Of Geometrical Optics Which Treats Of The Phenomena Of Light Incident Upon The Surfaces Of Bodies, And Reflected Therefrom. All Bodies Reflect More Or Less Light, Even Those ...
Catskill Mountains
Catskill Mountains (ante), A Part Of The Appalachian System W. Of The Hud Son, River In Greene Co., N. Y. The Group, About 12 M. Long, Nearly Parallel With The River About, 8 In. Distant, Turns Westward In Spurs Extending Many- Miles. Besides The Ulster And Delaware Railroad, Beginning At ...
Cattarauges
Cattarauges, A Co. In W. New York, On The Pennsylvania Border, Watered By The Allegheny And Other Rivers, And Intersected By The New York And Erie And The Atlantic And Great Western Railroads, And The Genesee Valley Canal; 1250 Sq.m.; Pop. '75, 47,130. The Surface Is Undulating And The Soil ...
Caucasus
Caucasus, A Mountain Range Of Great Geographical And Ethnographical Importance, Occupying The Isthmus Between The Black Sea And The Caspian, Its General Direction Being From W.n.w. To E.s.e.—from The Peninsula Of Taman On The Black Sea, In Lat. 45°10'n., Long. 36° 45' E.. To The Peninsula Of Apsheron On The ...
Caucus
Caucus, A Meeting, Private Or Public, Of Citizens To Select Candidates For Office; Or Of Members Of A Legislative Body For A Similar Purpose. Recently The Meaning Of The Term Has Been Extended To Almost Any Conference Previous To Final Action. Thus The People May Hold A C. To Ask ...
Caudebec Les Elbetif
Caudebec-les-elbetif, A T. Of France, In The Department Of Seine-inferieure, 12 M. S. Of Rouen. It Has Manufactures Of Cloth, And A Pop. Of (1876)11,338.—cai,debeo Is Also The Name Of A T. In The Same Department, Situated On The Right Bank Of The Seine, 26 M. E. Of Havre. It ...
Cauliflower
Cauliflower, A Variety Of The Common Kale Or Cabbage, Affording One Of The Most Esteemed Delicacies Of The Table. It Was Cultivated As A Culinary Vegetable By The Greeks And Romans. Its Culture Was, However, Little Attended To In England Till The End Of The 17th C.; But After That ...
Cause
Cause. The Words " Cause," " Causality," And "causation," Although Familiar And Intelligible In Ordinary Speech, Have Given Rise To Some Of The Most Subtle Questions In Philosophy And Theology. We Shall Here Advert Briefly To The Chief Meanings Of These Terms, And In So Doing, We Shall Indicate The ...
Caution
Caution, In The Law Of Scotland, Like Guaranty (q.v.) In England, Is An Obligation Undertaken By A Second Party, Whereby He Binds Himself, Failing The Primary Obligant, To Fulfill His Obligation, Whether It Be Of A Pecuniary Nature Or Otherwise. Cautionary Obligations, Like Engagements Of Guaranty, Are Thus Essentially Of ...
Cavaignac
Cavaignac, Louts Eut4f:ne, Was B. In Paris, 1802, And Was Educated In The Polytech Nic School, And The Ecole D' Application At Metz. He First Served In The 3lorea, And After Wards In Africa (whither Be Was Sent In 1832 Into A Kind Of Honorable Exile, In Conse Quence Of ...
Cavalry
Cavalry Is A General Name For Horse-soldiers Or Troopers. The Subdivisions Aro Very Numerous; Such As Guards, Dragoons, Lancers, Hussars, Cuirassiers, Mounted Rifles, Etc. The C. Force Of The British Army Is Usually Divided Into Household Aud Line. Tho Numbers Voted For 1876-77 Were: The Difference Between The Household C. ...
Cavalry Tactics
Cavalry Tactics. Authorities Differ Concerning The Proportion That Ought To Be Observed Between Cavalry And Infantry In An Army. In France And Austria, The Ratio Is About 1 To 5; In Prussia And Bavaria, 1 To 4; In Russia, 1 To 6; In England, 1 To 8. So Far As ...
Cavalry_2
Cavalry (ante). The Earliest Records Of C. As A Distinct Military Organization Date Far Back In The History Of Egypt. Diodorus Of Sicily States That Osymandias, Who Lived Long Before The Trojan War, Led 20,000 Mounted Men Against The Rebels In Bactriana. Josephus States That The Host Of Israelites Which ...
Cavamite
Cavamite, A Genus Of Fossil Plants Whose True Position Has Not Been Satisfactorily Ascertained. They Appear First In The Devonian Rocks, And Rise Through The Interme Diate Formations To The Oolitic Series, Where They Are Represented By A Single Species. They Reach Their Culminating Point In The Coal-measures, Where 39 ...
Cavour
Cavour, Coutit Camilla Benso Di, A Distinguished Italian Statesman Of The 19th C., The Descendant Of A Noble And Wealthy Family Of Piedmont, Was B. At Turin, Aug. 10, 1810. He Was Educated For A Military Career, But His Liberal Tendencies Being Likely To Prove An Insuperable Barrier To His ...
Caxpania
Caxpania, Anciently A Province Of Central Italy, Having Capua As Its Capital (now Subdivided Into The Provinces Of Benevento, Naples, Salerno, Avellino, And Caserta), Was Bounded On The S. By Lucania, C. By Sainnium, N. By Latium, And W. By The Tyrr Henian Sea. It Was One Of The Most ...
Ceciim
Ce'ciim (lat. Crocus, Blind), A Blind Sac; That Is, A Sac Or Bag Having Only One Open. Ing, Connected With The Intestine Of An Animal. In Man There Is Only One C., Very Small, And Apparently Not Performing Any Important Function, Situated At The Extremity Of The Small Intestine, Where ...
Cecil
Cecil, Wirruaxt, Lord Burleigit, One Of England's Greatest Statesmen, Was B. At Bourne, Lincolnshire, Sept. 15, 1520. Educated At The Grammar-schools Of Grantham And Stamford, He Thence Passed To St. John's College, Cambridge, Where He Was Remark Able Alike For His Diligence And Aptitude In Learning. Entering Gray's Inn At ...
Cecropia Moth
Cecro'pia Moth, Platysamia Cecropia, The Largest Moth Of The United States; Belonging To The Family Bembycidm, It Is Akin To The Silk-worm. Its Larva Grows To Be Between 3 And 4 In. Long, And Is A Most Beautiful Object; Its Color Is A Tender Green, Shading Into Blue Upon Its ...
Ceddion
C.eddion, The First Anglo-saxon Writer Of Note Who Composed In His Own Language, And Of Whom There Are Any Remains. The Date Of His Birth Is Unknown, But His Death Occurred About 680 A.d. He Was Originally A Cowherd Attached To The Monastery Of Whitby, And, According To Bede, "even ...
Ceiling
Ceiling (fr. Ciel; Lat. Cerium, Heaven). This Term Seems To Have Been Suggested By The Use Of Arched Coverings For Churches, And Even For Rooms, Which Prevailed In The Middle Ages, And Was Not Unknown To The Romans. Whether The Term Was Further Sug. Gested By The Habit Of Tinting ...
Celebes
Celebes (ante), Was First Discovered By The Portuguese In The Early Part Of The 16t11 C., The Exact Date Being Given By Some Authors As 1512. At That Time The 31acassars Were The Most Powerful People In The Island, Having Successfully Defended Themselves Against The King Of The Moluccas And ...
Celery
Celery, Apium, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Umbellifertr, Distinguished By N Mere Rudimentary Calyx, Roundish Entire Petals, Very Short Styles, And Roundish Fruit. The Common C. (a. Grurcolens) Is Found Wild In Britam And Most Parts Of Europe, Iu Ditches, Brooks, Etc., Especially Near The Sea And ...
Celestine
Celestine, The Name Of Five Popes. 1. Saint Celestine, D. 432, Is Supposed To Have Been A Near Relative Of The Emperor Valentinian. He Held The Council Of Ephesus In 431, At Which The Nestorians Were Condemned; Actively Persecuted The Pelagians; Struggled For Roman Orthodoxy; Sent Palladius To Scotland, And ...
Celibacy
Celibacy, From Lat. Calebs, Unmarried. Notwithstanding The Divine Commendation Of Marriage Given In The Jewish Scriptures (gen. I. 28), The Opinion Had Become Prevalent, Even Before The Time Of Christ, That C. Was Favorable To An Intimate Union With God. This Notion Took Its Origin In The Wide-spread Philosophy Of ...
Cells
Cells, In Physiology.—i. Animal Examining, Under A High Magnifying Power, Any Of The Constituents Of The Animal Body, We Perceive That The Smallest Parts Which Appear To The Naked Eye As Fibers, Tubes, Etc., Are Not Ultimate Elements In Respect To Form (morphotic Elements), But That They Contain And Are ...
Cellular Tissue
Cellular Tissue. This Is The Old Term For A Widely Diffused Animal Texture, Which Has Also Received The Names Of Areolar, Reticular, Filamentous, And Connective Tissue. If We Make A Cut Through The Skin, And Proceed To Raise It, We See That It Is Loosely Connected With The Subjacent Parts ...
Celluloid
Celluloid, A Remarkable Modern Invention, Apparently Capable Of Wide Useful Ness, Wherever India-rubber And Various Kinds Of Cloth Are Now Employed. Celluloid Is Produced By Mixing Gum Camphor With A Pulp Of Gun-cotton, And Subjecting The Com Bination To A High Degree Of Pressure And Heat. The Result Is A ...
Celtic Nations
Celtic Nations, One Of The Groups Of The Great Aryan (q.v.) Family. Languages.—in Addition To The English, And Retreating Before It, There Are At Present Four Languages Spoken In The British Isles—the Irish, The Highland Scotch (or Gaelic), The Manx, In The Isle Of Man—all Three Nearly Related To One ...
Cements
Cements. A Cement Is A Substance Used To Make The Surfaces Of Solid Bodies Adhere To One Another; It Is Applied In A Liquid Or Viscous State, And Hardens After The Surfaces Are Brought Together. When Fused Metals Or Alloys Are Used In This Manner, They Are Called Solders. There ...
Cemetery
Cemetery, From The Greek, May Mean Any Grave-yard, Or Other Place Of Deposit For The Dead; But It Has Lately Acquired A Special Meaning, Applicable To Those Extensive Ornamental Burial-grounds Which Have Recently Come Into Use In This And Other European Countries, As The Practice Of Burying Within And Around ...
Cemetery
Cemetery (ante). The Famous Pere La Chaise, In Paris, Is The Most Celebrated Of Modern Cemeteries, Although By No Means The Largest. It Was Laid Out In 1804, And Corn Prises About 200 Acres, And More Than 10,000 Monuments Erected To The Memory Of Nearly All The Great Men Of ...
Cenci
Cenci, Called The Beautiful Parricide," Was The Daughter Of Francesco Cenci, A Wealthy Roman Nobleman. According To Muratori (annalex, Lib. X.), Francesco Was Twice Married, Beatrice Being His Daughter By The First Wife. After His Second Mar Riage, He Initied The Children Of His First Wife In A Revolting Manner, ...
Censors
Censors, The Name Of Two Roman Officers Of State. The Office Was Established By Servius Tullius, The Fifth King Of Rome. After The Expulsion Of The Kings, It Was Held By The Consuls, Special Magistrates Not Being Appointed Till 443 B.c. It Continued To Be Filled By Patricians Till 351 ...
Census
Census Means, In This Country, The Periodical Counting Of The People. It Is A Latin Word Applied By The Romans To One Of The Functions Of Their Censors (q. V.). They Had To Enumerate The People, But Only For Immediate Purposes Of Taxation, So That No Accounts Of The Results ...
Census
Census (ante). The Tenth C.. Of The States Was Taken In .tune, 1880. Up To 1860 Our Decennial Progress In Population And Material Wealth Had Been Uniformly Rapid And Wonderful. The War Of The Rebellion Then Interfered, And Both Directly And Indi Rectly Tended To Arrest That Progress—directly In The ...