CHLOPICXI, JOSEPH, a Polish general, and dictator of Poland during the revolution of 1830, was b. in Galicia in 1772. He entered the army in 1787, attracted the notice of Kosciusko during the first insurrection of the Poles, and after the storming of Praga, 9th Nov., 1794, when the hopes of the patriots were extinguished for a while, he passed into the service of the new Cisalpine republic, and distinguished himself in various battles. In 1806, when Bonaparte called the Poles to arms, C., among others, obeyed, and fought gallantly at Eylau and Friedland. He was subsequently seat by the emperor into Spain, and in 1812 followed him to Russia, taking part in the bloody engagements at Smolensk and Moskwa. After the relics of the invading force had returned, C. left the imperial service, on account of receiving certain slights in the way of his profes sional advancement. After the taking of Paris by the allies in 1814, he led back to Poland the remains of the Polish troops who had fought under Bonaparte, and was well received by the emperor Alexander, who made him a general of division. When
the second insurrection of the Poles broke out in 1830, C., who foresaw the hopeless nature of the attempt, concealed himself; but the voice of the nation called him forth from his hiding-place, and on the 5th Dec., 1830, lie was elected dictator. His moderate views, however, involved him in disputes with the extreme patriotic party, and on the 23d Jan., 1831, he resigned his office; but, to prove his sincerity, he entered the Polish army as a simple soldier, and took part in the murderous battles at Wavre and Grochow. After the suppression of the insurrection, C. went to Cracow, and withdrew altogether from public life. He died at Krzeschowitz, 30th Sept., 1854.