Circassians
Circassians, In The Wide Sense Of The Term, Is The Name Given To All The Independent Tribes Of The Caucasus; In A Narrower Sense, It Denotes The Tribes Who Inhabited The Western Part Of The Range Which Is Called, In Consequence, Circassia. The C. Proper, However, Occupied Only The Saw. ...
Circle
Circle, A Plane Figure Bounded By A Curved Line, Which Returns Into Itself, Called Its Circumference, And Which Is Everywhere Equally Distant From A Point Within It Called The Center Of The Circle. The Circumference Is Sometimes Itself Called The C., But This Is Improper; C. Is Truly The Name ...
Circular Notes
Circular Notes Are Bank-notes Specially Adapted For The Use Of Travelers In Foreign Countries; And Being, In Fact, Bills Personal To The Bearer, They Are Believed To Be More Safe As Traveling Money Than Ordinary Notes Or Coin. C. N. Are Furnished By The Chief London Banking-houses. Those Who Wish ...
Circulating Library
Circulating Library, A Collection Of Books Lent Out On Hire—circulated From Hand To Hand. The Plan Of Lending Books On Hire Is Not New. Chevillier, In His Origines De C Imprimerie De Paris (4to, 1694)7 Mentions That, In 1342, A Century Before The Inven Tion Of Printing, A Law Was ...
Composition Brown
,brown, Composition, Or Whole Floun B. Is Made From The Ground But Undressed Wheat, And Therefore Contains The Bran As Well As The Flour. Some Years Ago It Was Suggested. That As The Bran Contained More Nitrogenized Matter Than The Flour, The Whole Meal Must Be More Nutritious Than The ...
Court Caseation
Caseation, Court Or. In The Law Of France, The Act Of Annulling The Decision Of A Court Or Judicial Tribunal Is Called Cessation, 11.0111 The Verb Closer, To Break Or Annul (lat. Quatere; Eng. Quash); And The Function Of Eassation, As Regards The Judgments Of All The Other Courts, Is ...
Creme
Creme, Sir Joinc, Who Deserves To Be Remembered As One Of The Revivers Of Classical Literature In England During The 16th C., Was Born At Cambridge, June 16, 1514. Enter Ing The University Of Cambridge, He Devoted Himself Assiduously To The Study Of Latin And Greek, Particularly The Latter Language, ...
Crzetodontide
Crzetodon'tide, A Family Of Acanthopterous Fishes, Nearly Corresponding To The Genus Chrtodon (gr. Hair-tooth) Of Linnaeus; And Also Named Squan1ipennes (lat. Scaly-finned), Because Of The Most Distinctive Character Of The Family, The Incrustation Of The Soft Portions Of The Dorsal And Anal Fins, And Often Of The Spinous Parts Also, ...
Cycle
Cycle. The Romans Are Said To Have Had Originally A Year Of 10' Months; But In The Times Of Their Kings, They Adopted A Lunar Year Of 355 Days, Divided Into 12 Months, With An Occasional Intercalary Month. Through The Ignorance Of The Priests, Who Had The Charge Of This ...
David Calderwood
Calderwood, David, An Eminent Scottish Divine And Ecclesiastical Historian, Descended Of A Good Family, Was B. In 1575, And About 1604 Was Settled As Presbyterian Minister Of Crailing, Roxburghshire. Opposed To The Designs Of James Vi. For The Estab Lishment Of Episcopacy In Scotland, On That Monarch's Visit To His ...
Duc De Chambord Henri
Chambord (henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonnl D'artois, Duc De Boud•arx), Comte De, The Representative Of The Elder Branch Of The House Of Bourbon, And Of Its Claims To The French Throne, Was B. In Paris, Sept. 29, 1820. He Is The Grandson Of Charles X., And The Son Of The ...
Duchy Of Britnswick
Britnswick, Duchy Of (ger. Braunschweig), A State Of Northern Germany, Consist Ing Of Three Larger And Five Smaller Distinct Parts, And Lying Mostly Within Lat. 51° 38 'to 52 28' N., And Long, 9' 23' To 11° 30' Cast. Its Entire Area Amounts To About 1425 Sq. Miles. Pop. In ...
Edmund Calamy
Calamy, Edmund, An Eminent English Divine, Was B. In London, 1600; Studied At Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, Where He Attached Himself To The Calvinistic Party; And Afterwards Became Domestic Chaplain To The Bishop Of Ely. In 1626, He Was Appointed Lecturer At Bury St. Edmunds, But Resigned His Office When The ...
Edmunds Bury St
Bury St, Edmunds, Or St. Edmundsbltry, An Ancient Borough In Suffolkshire, On The Upper Larke, 26 M. N.w. Of Ipswich. It Is Well Built, And Delightfully Situated. Pop. '71, 14,928. It Returns Two Members To Parliament. It Has A Trade In Wool, But Ter, Corn, And Cheese, But No Manufactures. ...
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, England's Greatest Poetess, Was B. In London About The Year 1809. Her Maiden Name Was Barrett. The Culture Which She Received In Her Youth Was Of A Kind Far Transcending The Ordinary Education Even Of " Ladies Intellectual." Classics, Philosophy, And Science Were Studied With Enthusiasm And ...
Enrico Cialdini
Cialdini, Enrico, Was B. At Castel Vetro, Modena, Aug. 10, 1813. . Designed For The Medical Profession, He Studied At Parma. When The Abortive Insurrection Of 1831 Broke Out In The Duchies, C. Joined The Volunteers Of Reggio; And On The Capitulation Of Ancona, Embarked For France, Where He Resumed ...
Etienne Cabet
Cabet, Etienne, A Notable French Communist, Was B. At Dijon, Jan. 2, 1788, And Educated For The Bar, But Turned His Attention To Literature And Politics. Under The Res Toration, He Was One Of The Leaders Of The Carbonari (q.v.), And In 1831 Was Elected Deputy For The Departmeat Of ...
Etienne Choiseul Amboise
Choiseul-amboise, Etienne Francois, Due De, Minister Of Louis Xv., Was B. June 18, 1719, Educated By The Jesuits, And On The Completion Of His Studies, Entered The Army. He Fought Bravely In The Austrian Wars Of Succession; But Only After He Had Attracted The Fancy Of The King's Mistress, Madame ...
Euenos Ayres
Eue'nos Ay'res, A Province Of The Argentine Confederation In South America, Of Which The City B. A. Is Capital, Extends Itself Along The Atlantic, From The Mouth Of The Plata To That Of The Rio Negro On The 41st Parallel; On The N.e., It Is Washed By The Plata And ...
Eugene Burnouf
Burnouf, Eugene, One Of The Most Distinguished Orientalists Of Modern Times, Was B. At Paris, April 1, 1801, And After Entering On The Study Of Law, Betook Himself To The Oriental Languages, Especially Those Of India And Persia. In Conjunction With Prof. Lassen Of Bonn, He Published, In 1826, Essai ...
Fixed Air Carbonic Acid
Carbonic Acid, Fixed Air, Or Ciioice-da?p, Is A Substance Occurring Free As A Gas In The Atmosphere, To The Extent Of 1 Volume To 2,500 Of Air, And Also In Combination With A Variety Of Substances, It Is Most Easily Prepared For Experimental Purposes Front Chips Of Marble, Water, And ...
Francis Trevelyan Biiceland
Biiceland, Francis Trevelyan, A Son Of The Rev. Dr. Buckland (q.v.), B. At Christ. Church College, Oxford, Dec. 17, 1826. He Was Educated At Winchester School, And At Christ Church College, Oxford. He Devoted Himself To The Study Of Medicine; And After Being House-surgeon Of St. George's Hospital, London, Was ...
Friedrich Brockhaus
Brockhaus, Friedrich Amcom, The Founder Of The Well-known Firm Of B. In Leipsic, And Publisher Of The Conversations-lexicon, Was B. At Dortmund, .may 4, 1772. In 1802, Circumstances Led Him To Holland, Where, However, His Business Schemes Did Not Prosper. He Returned To Germany In 1810, And In The Following ...
Gatt Wail
Gatt] Wail. See Kat'itwalt, Ante. Catiil'll7s, Vale'mus, A Celebrated Roman Lyrist, Was B. At Verona, 87 B.c. His Father Was An Friend Of Julius Ctesar, And The Young Poet Must Have Frequently Met The Great Warrior At The Paternal Residence, When The Latter Was On His Way To Gaul. In ...
Geoffrey Chaucer
Chaucer, Geoffrey, The Father Of English Poetry-, Was B. Most Probably About 1340, Though The Traditional Date Is 1328. Recent Researches Have Made It Clear That C. Was The Son Of John Chaucer, A London Vintner. It Has Been Said That He Studied At Cambridge, And Afterwards Removed To Oxford. ...
Georg Calixtus
Calixtus, Georg (properly, Carisen), An Eminent Theologian Of The Lutheran Church, Was Born 14th Dec., 1586, At Lledelbye Iu Schleswig; Studied At Flensborg And Helm Stedt; And, In 1605, Became Professor Of Philosophy In The Latter Of These Cities. Two Years After, He Betook Himself To Theology, And Attracted Great ...
George Barbell Ciieever
Ciieever, George Barbell, B. Me., 1807; A Graduate Of Bowdoin College And Andover Theological Seminary, And In 1832 Ordained Pastor Of A Congregational Church In Salem, Mass. He Began At An Early Ago To Write .for 'the Press, Contributing Prose And Verse To The Current Magazines And Quarterlies. The Unitarian ...
George Buchanan
Buchanan, George, One Of The Most Learned Men Of The 16th C., And A Distinguished Poet And Historian, Was B. Of Poor Parents In Killearn, In The Co. Of Stirling, In Feb., 1506. He Was Sent To The University Of Paris By His Uncle, Who Died Two Years After Wards, ...
George Byng
Byng, George, Viscount Torrington, A British Admiral, B. Jan. 27, 1663, Eldest Son Of John Byng, Csq., Of Wrotham, Kent, Entered The Navy As A Volunteer At The Age Of 15, And Rapidly Rose To The Rank Of Lieut. In 1688, He Recommended Himself To The Prince Of Orange By ...
George Canning
Canning, George, A Distinguished British Statesman And Orator, Was B. In London, April 11, 1770. His Father, Who Was Descended From An Ancient Family, Incurred The Displeasure Of His Relatives For Marrying Beneath His Station, And Died In Poverty When His Son Was Only A Year Old. His Mother (who ...
George Chaliters
Chaliters, George, An Eminent Historical Antiquary, Was B. At Fochabers, Moray Shire, Scotland, In 1742. Having Attended King's College, Aberdeen, And Afterwards Studied Law At Edinburgh, He Went In 1763 To North America, Where He Practiced As A Lawyer Till The Breaking Out Of 'the War Of Independence. Being A ...
George Gordon Byron
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, A Great English Poet, Was B. In Holies Street, Lon Don, On The 22d Of Jan., 1783. He Was The Only Son Of Capt. John Byron, Of The Guards, And Catherine Gordon Of Gight, An Heiress In Aberdeenshire. Capt. Byron And His Did Not Live Happily. ...
George Louis Leclerc Buffon
Buffon, George Louis Leclerc, Comte De, One Of The Most Famous Naturalists And Writers Of The C., Was B. At Montbard, In Burgundy, Sept. 7, 1707. Ile Studied Law At The College Of Jesuits At Dijon, But Showed So Marked A Predilection For Astronomy And Mathematics, That His Father Allowed ...
Gilbert Burnet
Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop Of Salisbury, Was B. At Edinburgh, On The 18th Sept., 1643. He Was Educated At Home, And Afterwards At Marischal College, Aberdeen, Where He Pursued His Studies So Diligently, That He Took His Degree Of M.a. Before He Was 14. In The Course Of A Year He ...
Giordano Bbuno
Bbuno, Giordano, The Precursor Of The School Of Modern Pantheistic Philosophers, Was Born At Nola, In The Kingdom Of Naples, About The Middle Of The 16th Century. He Entered, At An Early Age, The Order Of The Dominicans, But Soon Began To Express His Doubts In Regard To The Doctrines ...
Gottfried August Burger
Burger, Gottfried August, One Of The Most Popular German Poets, Was B. Jan. 1. 1744, At Molmcrswende, Near Halberstadt, In Prussian Saxony. In His Boyhood, He Displayed No Capacity For Hard Study, And Was Particularly Averse To Latin; But He At The Same Time Showed A Relish For Verse, Though ...
Guillaume Marie Anne Brune
Brune, Guillaume Marie Anne, A French Marshal Of The First Empire, Was B. At Brives-la-gaillarde, 13th Mar., 1763. His Education Brought Him At An Early Period Into Connection With The Men Of The Revolution. Along Will Minton, He Helped To Estab Lish The Cordeliers' Club. After The Conquest Of Belgium, ...
Heine Christophe
Christophe, Heine', King Of Hayti, B. Oct. 6, 1767, Was At One Period A Slave And Lavern-cook In Cape Town, St. Domingo, And Afterwards Overseer Of A Plantation. In 1790, He Joined The Black Insurgents Against The French, Aud, From His Gigantic Stature, Energy, And Courage, Soon Became A Leader ...
Heinrich Bruhl
Bruhl, Heinrich, Count Von Baum, Prime-minister Of Augustus Iii., King Of Poland, And Elector Of Saxony, Deserves A Place In History As A Signal Example Of An Unworthy Minister And Venal Statesman. He Was Born In 1700, At Weissenfels, And In Early Life Entered, As A Page, Into The Service ...
Henry Brougham
Brougham, Henry, Lord Brougham And Varx, Was B. In Edinburgh, 19th Sept., 1778. His Father, Mr. Henry Brougham, Was The Descendant Of An Ancient Family In Westmoreland, And His Mother, Eleonora Syine, Who Was A Woman Of Mueh Talent, Was /i Niece Of Robertson The Historian. B. Received His Education ...
Henry Cavendish
Cavendish, Henry, A Distinguished Philosopher Of The 18th C., Son Of Lord Charles Cavendish, And Nephew Of The Third Duke Of Devonshire, Was Born At Nice, Oct. 10, 1731. He Studied At Cambridge, And Devoted His Whole Life To Scientific Investigations. The Large Fortune Which Was Bequeathed To Him By ...
Henry Thomas Buckle
Buckle, Henry Thomas, An Author Who Attained A Sudden Notability In 1857 By The Publication Of The First Volume Of A Work Entitled The History Of Civilization In Eng Land. He Was Born At Lee, In Kent, Nov. 24, 1823, And Was For A Very Short Time At Dr. Holloway's ...
Hiciiard Brothers
Brothers, Hiciiard, A Fanatic, Whose Prophecies And Writings Excite(1•an Unusual Sensation In His Day, Was At One Time A Lieut. In The British Navy, Which He Quitted In 1789. Refusing, From Conscientious Scruples. To Take The Requisite Oath To Enable Him To Receive His Linlfluty,..hn•nyas Reduved To Great Distress, And ...
Horace Bushnell
Bushnell, Horace, D.d., 1802-7g; B. Conn., Graduated At Yale In 1827, Where He Studied Law And Theology; In 1833, Became Pastor Of The North Congregational Church In Hartford. He Was A Voluminous Writer On Theological Subjects; Some Of His Works Being Principles Of National Greatness; Christian Nurture; God In Christ; ...
House Of Brunswick
Brunswick, House Of. Henry The Lion, Who Held The United Duchies Of Bavaria And Saxony In The 12th C., May Properly Be Called The Immediate Ancestor Of This House, Though They Can Trace Their Lineage Back To Albert Azo I., Margrave Of Este In Italy, Who Died In 964. The ...
Ii Vegetable
Ii. Vegetable Cells.—in The Vegetable, As In The Animal Kingdom, The Primary Form Of The Cell Is That Of A Sphere. There Are, However, Interfering Influences, Which Usually Alter Or Modify The Primary Form, Of Which The Most Important Are, (1.) Special Directions Assumed In The Development, In Obedience To ...
Inez De Castro
Castro, Inez De, Whose Mournful Fate Is The Subject Of Several Tragedies And Poems, Was The Daughter Of Pedro Fernandez De Castro, And Sprang From A Branch Of The Royal Family Of Castile. She Was Appointed Lady-in-waiting To The Wife Of Dom Pedro, Son Of Alfonso Iv. Of Portugal. Her ...
Inferior Cephalization
Inferior Cephalization. Fewer Of The Anterior Appendages Serve The Head. The Structure Of The Head Is Loose And Im Perfect; The Form Is Elongated And Enlarged. Great Length Of Tail Shows Inferiority Of Grade. The Anterior Extremity Tends Downward, Finds Its Limit And Is Horizontal In The Fish. Degradation Often ...
Isaac De Casaubon
Casaubon, Isaac De, A Great Scholar And Critic, Was B. Feb. 8, 1559, At Geneva, Where, In 1582, He Was Appointed Professor Of The Greek Language. Subsequently He Held Professorships At :montpellier, 1596, And At Paris, 1598, But The Death Of Henry Iv. Rendered His Position (c. Being A Protestant) ...
Isamiiard Brunel
Brunel, Isamiiard Kixonolt, An Eminent Engineer, Son Of The Following Article, B. At Portsmouth, England, In 1806, Was Educated At The College Of Henri Quatre, Caen, In France. He Commenced Practical Engineering In 1826, Under His Father At The Thames Tunnel, And In The Progress Of That Great Work Was ...
Jack Cade
Cade, Jack, A Historical Character, Leader Of An Insurrection Which Broke Out In Kent, June, 1450. Little Is Known Of His Personal History, Further Than That He Was An Irishman, And An Illegitimate Relation Of The Duke Of Iork, And Hence Called Himself Mortimer. With 15,000 Or 20,000 Armed Men ...
Jacob Cats
Cats, Jacob, A Dutch Statesman And Poet, Was B. At Brouwershaven, In Zeeland, In 1577, And After Studying Law, Finally Settled At Middelburg. He Rose To High Offices In The State, And Was Twice Sent As Ambassador To England, First In 1627, And Again In 1652, While Cromwell Was At ...
Jacques Cassini
Cassini, Jacques, Son Of The Preceding Was B. At Paris, Feb. 18. 1677. In 1694 He Was Elected A Member Of The Academy Of Sciences. He Traveled In Italy, Holland, And England, Where He Formed The Acquaintance Of Newton, Halley, Flamsteed, Etc., And Was Elected A Member Of The Royal ...
James Bruce
Bruce, James, A Celebrated Traveler, Born At Kinnaird House, Stirlingshire, Dec. 14, 1730, Was The Eldest Son Of David Bruce, Esq., Of Kinnaird, And Marion Graham Of Airth. Educated At Harrow, Lie Was Sent, In The Winter Of 1747, To The University Of Edinburgh, With The Intention Of Studying Law; ...
James Vw Buchan An
Buchan An, James (vw), The 13th Elected President Of The United States, Filling, The 18th Presidential Term (1857-61); B. At Stony Batter, Franklin Co., Penn., April 22. 1791; D. Lancaster, Penn., June 1, 1863. He Was The Son Of An Irish Emigrant And An American Mother, Educated At Dickinson College, ...
Jean Baptiste Carrier
Carrier, Jean Baptiste, One Of The Most Infamous And Blood-thirsty Members Of The French National Convention, Was B. At The Village Of Yolai, Near Aurillac, In Haut Auvergne, In 1756. Entering The National Convention In 1792, He Took An Active Part In The Formation Of The Revolutionary Tribunal, Voted For ...
Jean Calas
Calas, Jean, A Frenchman, Remembered As The Unhappy Victim Of Fanaticism And The Shocking Maladministration Of Justice, Was B. At Lacaparede, In Languedoc, Mar. 19, 1698. He Lived As A Tradesman In Toulouse, Where Lie Had A Very Good Reputa Tion. One Evening After Supper (oct. 13, 1761),. The Eldest ...
Jean Cavalier
Cavalier', Jean, 1680-1740; A Native Of Lower Languedoc, In Southern France; The Famous Chief Of The Camisards (who In Some Particulars Seem To Have Been The Pre Cursors Of The English And American Shakers). He Was A Peasant's Son, And Was Employed In Sheep-keeping, Afterwards As Apprentice To A Baker, ...
Jean Chaptal
Chaptal, Jean Astorne, 1756-1882, Count Of Chanteloup, A French Chemist And Statesman. He Was Professor Of Chemistry At Montpellier, Where He Taught The Doctrines Of Lavoisier Instead Of Those Of Stahl. By The Death Of An Uncle, C. Acquired Capital, Which He Employed In Manufacturing Mineral Acids, Alum, White Lead, ...
Jean Jacques Regis Cambaceres
Cambaceres, Jean Jacques Regis, Duke Of Parma, And High Chancellor Of The French Empire, Under Napoleon, Was B. At Montpellier, Oct., 18, 1753. In 1791, Lie Was Appointed President Of The Criminal Court In His Native Place. Aftewards, As Member Of The National Convention, He Took A Prominent Part In ...
Jean Pierre Brissot
Brissot, Jean Pierre, One Of The First Movers In The Outbreak Of The French Revo Lution, And Afterwards Numbered Among Its Victims, Was B. At Chartres In 1734, And Educated For The Bar. After Completing His Studies At Paris, He Went Into The Office Of A Procurator, But Quickly Abandoned ...
Joannes Cassian17s
Cassia'n17s, Joannes, Or Joannes Massimensis, Or Joannes Eremita, A Christian Teacher Of The Ancient Church, Who Flourished In The Early Part Of The 5th C., And Dis Tinguished Himself As The Promoter Of Monachism In Southern Gaul, And As The Oppo Nent Of The Extreme Dogmas Of St. Augustine Respecting ...
John Bright
Bright, John, A Popular Politician, First Brought Into Notice By The Anti-corn-law Agitation, Son Of Jacob Bright, A Quaker Cotton Spinner And Manufacturer At Rochdale, Lancashire, Was B. At Grecnbank, Near That Town. Nov. 16, 1811. In 1835, He Made A Foreign Tour. Which Included A Journey To Palestine, And, ...
John Brougham
Brougham, John, B. Ireland, 1810, D. N. Y., 18s0; Studied Surgery For A Consid Erable Time, But Was Obliged To Leave School On Account Of Adversity, And Went To Lon Don, Where He Proposed To Enter The East India Service; But An Old Man Gave Him A Guinea, And Urged ...
John Brown
Brown, John, Of Haddington, Once The Most Popular, And Still Among The Most Revered, Theological Writers In Scotland, Was B. In 1722, At Carpow, Near Abernethy, In. Perthshire. Deprived Of Both His Parents When Only 11 Years Of Age, He Became Assist Ant To A Venerable And Pious Shepherd, Named ...
John Brown_2
Brown, John, D.d., Grandson Of John Brown, Of Iladdington, Was B. 12th July, 1784, Near Whitburn, Linlithgowshire. He Studied At Edinburgh University, And Afterwrds At The Theological Hall Of The Secession Church In Selkirk. In 1800, He Was Ordained To The Pastorate Of A Church In Biggar, A Small Town ...
John Bunyan
Bunyan, John, One Of The Most Popular Religious Writers Of Any Age, Was B. At Elstow, Near Bedford, In 1628. He Was Brought Up To His Father's Trade Of Tinker, And Spent His Youth In The Practice Of That Humble Craft, Of Which His Name Alone Now Serves To Lessen ...
John Caldwell Calhotjn
Calhotjn, John Caldwell, An Eminent American Statesman, Descended From An Irish Family Who Founded The Calhouns' Settlement In South Carolina, Was H. At Abbe Ville, S. C., Mar. 18, 1782. Having Gained Distinction At The Bar, Lie Was Sent To Con Gress In 1811, Where Lie Soon Made Himself The ...
John Can1 Hoimouse Broughton
Broughton, John Can.1 Hoimouse, Lord, 1786-1869; An English Statesman. At His Death The Peerage Became Extinct, As He Left No Male Issue. In His School Days At Cam Bridge He Was The Intimate Friend Of Byron, And The Two Made A Tour Of Southern Europe At A Later Period. Ile ...
John Carteret
Carteret, John, Earl Granville, A Distinguished Orator And Statesman Of The 18th C., Was B. April, 1690, His Father Being Baron Carteret Of Hawnes, Bedfordshire. His Edu Cation, Commenced At Westminster Soho], {vhs Completed At Oxford. From The Latter Place, According To Dean Swift's Humorous Assertion, He Carried Away More ...
John Chrysostom
Chrys'ostom, John (gr. Chrysostomos, Golden-mouth; So Named From The Splendor Of His Eloquence), Was B. At Antioch In 347 A.d. His Mother Anthusa Was A Pious Woman, Wholly Devoted To Her Son, Who Grew Up Under Her Loving Instructions Into An Earnest, Gentle, And Serious Youth, Passing Through, As Neander ...
John Lewis Burckhardt
Burckhardt, John Lewis, An Enterprising African Traveler. Was B. At Lausanne, In Switzerland, Nov. 24, 1784. In 1806, Lie Came To London, And Was Introduced By Sir Joseph Banks To The African Association, Which Accepted His Services To Explore The• Route Of Hornemann Into The Interior Of Africa, And He ...
Joseph Chlopicxi
Chlopicxi, Joseph, A Polish General, And Dictator Of Poland During The Revolution Of 1830, Was B. In Galicia In 1772. He Entered The Army In 1787, Attracted The Notice Of Kosciusko During The First Insurrection Of The Poles, And After The Storming Of Praga, 9th Nov., 1794, When The Hopes ...
Laivs Relatlng To Chemists
Chemists And Druggists, Laivs Relatlng To. Under The Head Apothecary (q.v.) Will Be Found The Distinction Between That Profession And The Kindred One Of Pharmaceutical Chemist. The Pharmaceutical Society Of Great Britain, Founded In 1841 For Raising The Standard Of Efficiency In The Practice Of Dispensing And Compounding Drugs, Was ...
Laura Bridgeman
Bridgeman, Laura. This Famous Blind Mute Was B. In Hanover, N. H., United States, On The 21st Dec., 1829. She Was A Bright, Intelligent Child, But At Two Years Of Age Was Seized With A Violent Fever, Which Utterly Destroyed Both Sight And Hearing. For A Time This So Shattered ...
Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, B. May 13, 1753, At Noisy, In The Depart Ment Of Cede D' Or, Burgundy, Gained Distinction At An Early Period By His Talents In Mathematical Science And Military Engineering. In 1791, He Became A Member Of The Legislative Assembly, And, In The Convention, Voted For ...
Lewis Cass
Cass, Lewis, An American Statesman, B. At Exeter, N. Ii., In 1782. Lie Was Edu Cated For The Law, But Quitting That Profession, He Entered The Army In 1812, And Rose Rapidly To The Rank Of Gen., Though His Merit Was Not Very Conspicuous. In 1813, He Was Elected Governor ...
Lord Chancellor
Chancellor, Lord. It Is Usually Said That The Existence Of The Office In England, As In The Other States Of Europe, Is To Be Ascribed To The Influence Which The Con Stitution Of The Roman Empire Had On The Constitutions Of The Modern Nations. This Influence Was Exercised In No ...
Luigi Cibrario
Cibra'rio, Luigi, An Italian Historian And Politician, Was B, At Turin, 23d Feb., 1802, He Studied At The University Of That City, Where He Took His Degree In 1824 As Doctor Of Laws, Devoted To Historical Investigations, He Secured A Reputation In This Important Department, At A Very Early Period. ...
Lula I Liu
Lula:. I. Liu Tailllll111 Lb 21100 Attracted Downwards By The Detached Column Be, I.e., By The Liquid In The Imaginary Tube. Let C, Depending On The Force Of Cohesion, Represent This Downward Action Of The Liquid. Also The Part Be Of The Liquid Is Attracted Upwards By The Tube Ab ...
Marcus Porctus Cato
Ca'to, Marcus Porctus, Named Cato The Younger, Or Cato Ittice.nsis (from The Place Of His Death), Was Born 95 B.c. Having Lost, During Childhood, Both Parents, He Was Educated In The House Of His Uncle, M. Livius Drusus, And, Even In His Boyhood, Gave Proofs Of His Decision And Strength ...
Marcus Tullius Cic Ero
Cic Ero, Marcus Tullius, The Greatest Orator Of Rome, And One Of The Most Illus Trious Of Her Statesmen And Men Of Letters, Was B. At Arpinum, On The 3d Of Jan., In The Year 106 B.c. He Belonged To An Ancient Family, Of The Equestrian Order, And Pos Sessed ...
Maria De Los Dolores
Carlos, Maria De Los Dolores Juan Isidor Josef Francesco Quirino Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael, Don, B. Mar. 30, 1848; Nephew Of Luis Maria Fernando; Present Claimant Of The Throne Of Spain As The Legitimate Heir Of Charles Viii. As Charles Vi. Died Without Issue, His Rights Devolved Upon His Brother ...
Marie Joseph De Chenier
Chenier, Marie Joseph De, 1764-1811; Poet And Dramatist, Younger Brother Of Andre Chenier; B. In Constantinople, And Educated At The College De Navarre. He Also Served A Short Time In The Army, But Left It For Literary Composition, Producing, At The Age Of 20, Azcmire, A Tragedy Which Was Not ...
Marie Marguerite Brinvilliers
Brinvilliers, Marie Marguerite, Marquise De, Notorious As A Poisoner In The Time Of Louis Xiv., Was The Daughter Of Dreux D'aubray, Lieutenant Of Paris, And Re Ceived A Careful Education. In 1651, She Was Married, While Still Young, To The Marquis De L3rinvilliers. This Nobleman Seems To Have Been A ...
Matitin Bucer
Bucer,matitin. One Of The Church Reformers Of The 16th C., Was B. 1491, At Schlott Stadt In Alsace. His Real Name Was Kul/horn, (cow-horn), But In Accordance With The Fashion Of His Time Among Scholars, He Changed It Into Its Greek Equivalent, Bucer Being Derived From Boys, An Ox, And ...
Matthias Alexander Castren
Castren, Matthias Alexander, The Greatest Authority In Regard To The Finnish People And Language, Was B. In 1813, Not Far From The Lappish Boundaries Of Finland. He Received His Earliest Instruction In The Town Of Tomes, And Afterwards Studied At Helsingfors. About The Year 1838, He Undertook A Pedestrian Excursion ...
Michael Angelo Amerigiii Or
Caravag'gio, Michael Angelo Amerigiii Or Merighi Da, A Celebrated Italian Painter, Was B. 1569, At Caravaggio, In Lombardy, Northern Italy. His Father, Who Was A Mason, Employed Him In Making Paste For The Fresco-painters, And In This Way The Artistic Genius Of The Boy Was Stirred. After Studying The Works ...
Michel De Castelnau
Castelnau', Michel De, Sieur De La Mauvissihre, 1520-92; A French Soldier And Ambassador To The Court Of Queen Elizabeth. He Was Thoroughly Educated, Traveled Much, And Served In The French Army In Active Service In Italy, Where His Courage And Ability Secured For Him The Friemiship Of The Cardinal Of ...
Military Bridge
Bridge, Military, Is A Temporary Construction, To Facilitate The Passage Of Rivers By Troops, Cannon, And Military Wagons. The Most Efficient Are Described Under Pon Toon; But There Are Many Other Kinds. A Bridge Of Boats Is Formed By Small-craft, Espe Cially Cargo-boats, Collected From Various Places Up And Down ...
Military Cadet
Cadet, Military (fr. Cadet, Younger, Junior In Service—aliied In Derivation And Meaning To Cadency (q.v.) In Heraldry), Is A Term Applied In A General Sense To A Junior Member Of A Noble Family As Distinguished From The Eldest; And In France, Any Officer Junior To Another Is A C. In ...
Military Captain
Captain, Military, Is Perhaps The Most General Designation Given To An Officer Of Land Forces; Something Equivalent To It Being Found In Most European Languages. As A Word, It Simply Means A Head Or Leader, And May Be Applied To A Chief Over Any Number Of Men. Captain-general Is In ...
Mural Circle
Circle, .mural, An Instrument Used For Determining The Meridian Altitude Or Zenith Distance Of A Star. It Consists Of An Astronomical Telescope Firmly Fixed To A Graduated Circle, Which Moves About A Horizontal Axis, Fixed In A Strong Vertical Wall Running North And South. In The Common Focus Of The ...
Naval Captain
Captain, Naval, Is The General Designation For The Commander Of A Ship. It Is Not Universal, For Some Vessels Of War Are Commanded By Officers Lower In Rank Than C. ; The Chief Officer Of A Merchant-vessel Is Often Called Master. The Commanders Of All Rated Ships Are Capts. The ...
North Carolina
Carolina, North, An Atlantic State Of The American Union, Having South Carolina And Georgia On The S., Tennessee On The W., And Virginia On The N.; Iu Lat. 33' 53' To 36' 33' N., And Long. 75° 25' To 84' 30' W., Being About 430 M. Long, And About 180 ...
Of Good Will
Of Good Will (also Called Hieronymites And Gregorians, From Hieronymus And Gregory The Great, Whom They Claimed As Patrons), A Fraternity Founded About 1376 By Geert Groote (b. At Deventer. 1340, D. 1384) And Florentins Itadewin (b. 1350, At Leer Dam, In S. Holland, D. 1400). This Society—which Professed To ...
Ole Borne31ann Bull
Bull, Ole Borne31ann, A Famous Violinist, Was B. 5th Feb., 1810, At Bergen, In Norway. His Father, It Is Said, Attempted To Coerce Him Into The Study Of Theology, And Would Not Permit A Musical Instrument About The House. This Foolish Treatment Only Gave A More Decisive Character To The ...