CLAUSEL, BERTRAND, a French marshal, was b. at Mirepoix, in the department of Allege, Dec., 1772, and entered the army at an early age. He commanded a brigade in the Italian campaign of 1799; was made a general of division of the army of the north ill and distinguished himself in the campaign of 1809 against Austria. The chief field of his fame, however, was Spain, where, after the battle of Salamanca, July 22, 1S12, he succeeded Marmont in the command. He conducted the very difficult retreat from Portugal with the greatest circumspection, having to sustain a succession of bat tles. Although lie had fought for Napoleon to the last, Louis XVIII., on his first restoration, named him inspector-general of infantry. When Napoleon again landed in France in 1815, C. immediately declared for him, was made a peer, and received the command of the army of the Pyrenees. On the return of the Bourbons, he was declared
a traitor, but escaped to America; was condemned to death in .his absence, but was subsequently permitted to return to Fiance; and in 1830, after the July revolution, he received the command of the troops in Algeria, and made a successful expedition over the Atlas range into the province of Titeri, for which he was made marshal of France. Some misunderstanding, however, soon led to his recall; but he was again appointed governor-general of Algeria in 1S35. After the disasters that befell the French arms before Constantine in 1836, and which were attributed in great part to hint, he returned to France and defended himself—though not quite successfully—both from the press and the tribune, against the attacks made upon him. C. died at Secourricu (Haute Garonne), 21st April, 1842.