DENI'NA, CARLO GIOVANNI MARIA, an Italian author, was 1). 28th Feb., 1731, at Revello, in Piedmont; studied at Turin, and in 1754, was appointed humanity professor at Pignerolo, but was deprived of his offlce on account of his having written a comedy in which there was much that excited the professional animosity of the ecclesiastical order. D. went to Milan, but was soon after recalled to Piedmont, and appointed pro fessor of rhetoric in the university of Turin. In 1777, he published anonymously at Florence his Discorso sull' Impiego dells Persons, in which he sought to show how monks might be transformed into useful members of society. This, of course, again cost him his chair, and he was even banished from the metropolis. In 1782, he went to Berlin, on the invitation of Frederick the great. Here he lived for many years, and wrote a considerable number of works. In 1804, he was introduced to Napoleon at Mentz, to whom he dedicated his Clef des Langues (Ber. 1804), and was in consequence appointed
imperial librarian at where died 5th Dec., 1813.—D.'s principal productions are: Discorso copra le Vicende della Letteratura (2 vols., Turin, 1761), Dells BlvohirmQni d' Italia (3 vols., Turin, 1769-70), an excellent work, which was copiously abused by the apolo gists of ecclesiastical privileges; and Stories Politica a Letteraria della GreCia Libera (4 vols., Turin, 1781-82). D.'s other works were, for the most part, written in Prussia. Among them may be mentioned—Essei sur la Vie et is 1?egne de Fr'ideric IL (Berlin, 1788), La Prusse Litteraire sous is Refine de Frederic H. (3 vols., Berlin, 1790-91), Tableau Ilistorique Statisque et Moral des in haute Italie et des Alpes gui l'entourent (Turin, 1805), and Stories dell' Italia Oceidentale (6 vols., Turin, 180J-10).