CLEVELAND, next to Cincinnati the most commercial city in Ohio, stands on the s. shore of lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, in lat. 41° 30' n., and long. 81° 47' west. The harbor is one of the best on the coast; and has been rendered still more available by extending a pier on either side into deeper water. By means of this secure and commodious haven, C.. with the aid of artificial works in both directions, has DaVI gable communications with the Atlantic ocean on the one hand, and with the head of lake Superior on the other; while to the s. it connects itself with the basin of the Mississippi and the gulf of Mexico through a canal which enters the Ohio at Portsmouth, about 200 m. below Pittsburg. C. is also the terminus of railways converging from almost every quarter. With so many advantages in its favor, it could hardly fail to grow and prosper. It is celebrated for its ship-building, and is becoming rapidly more and more important for its manufactures. Among these are copper-smelting, iron-rolling, coal
oil refining, the making of iron from ore, nail manufactories, etc. In 1874, the imports and exports were valued at 1,876.103 dollars. C. was founded in 1796, but it does not appear to have attained anything like its present late of progress before 1840. Between that year and 1850, the population increased from 6,071 to 17,034; in 1860, it was 43.147; in 1870, it was 92,829; and in 1875 it was above 150,000. Many of the streets of C. are lined with trees, whence it is called " Forest city." C. has numerous public schools, colleges, public buildings, charitable institutions, 100 churches, 50 newspapers and periodicals, etc. Magnificent works were erected at time cost of about 800,000 dollars, to supply the city with water from lake Erie.