CLEVELAND (ante), the second city of Ohio, on the southern shore of lake Erie, 170 m. w. of Buffalo, and 130 m. n. of Columbus, has grown to its present dimensions from a small town originally surveyed and settled in 1796 by gen. Moses Cleveland, one of the directors of the Connecticut land company, for whom it was named. It is the chief port of the " western reserve," and the capital of Cuyahoga county. It is divided into two parts connected with each other by bridges crossing the Cuyahoga river, which here empties into the lake. The harbor, which has been much improved by the national government, is one of the best on the lake. The most beautiful portion of the city lies upon a sandy bluff on the e. side of the river, from 60 to 150 ft. above the surface of the lake. The whole city is laid out with good taste, mostly in squares, the principal streets being from 80 to 120 ft. wide, and one having a width of 132 feet. Shade trees, the maple predominating, are so abundant that the place is properly called the " Forest city." Euclid avenue, lined with elegant private residences, each of which is sur rounded with ample grounds, is acknowledged to be the handsomest street in the country. Superior street, having a width of 132 ft., is occupied by the banks and the fashionable retail stores. Monumental park, in the center of the city, with an area of ten acres, as originally laid out, is now crossed by streets at right angles, and so divided into four smaller squares, beautifully shaded and carefully kept. In one of these squares is a handsome fountain, in another a pool and a cascade, and a statue of com modore Perry, the hero of the battle of lake Erie, erected in 1860 at a cost of $8,000. West of the river is another finely shaded park, called the circle, with a beautiful foun tain in the center. The city cemetery, on Erie street, contains many tasteful monu ments; Woodlawn cemetery, on the eastern side of the city, is rich in monuments and statuary; Lake View cemetery, containing 300 acres, 5 nm. from the city, is elevated 250 ft. above the level of the lake. Besides these there are the Roman Catholic and several smaller cemeteries. Water for the city is obtained by means of a tunnel under the lake, and is distributed from a reservoir on the highest elevation w. of the river. The principal public buildings are of stone, and present a fine appearance. The United States building contains the custom-house, post-ofilee, and rooms for the federal courts. The co. court-house and city hall occupy conspicuous places, and are well adapted to their several uses. The house of correction is a large and handsome edifice, costing $170,000. The C. medical college is an imposing structure, and the city infirmary, five stories high, cost $25,000. The union railway station, a massive structure of stone, is one of the largest buildings of the kind in the world. The high schools and several of the churches are very handsome structures. The public library was opened in 1869 with 6,300 volumes, and contains 20,000 at the present time. R is supported by a tax of of a mill on thd city valuation. The thercantile library has an enclowinent of $23,000, and contains 10,500 volumes. There are several smaller libraries. Charity (St. Vin cent's) hospital, opened in 1866, with a capacity for 200 patients, was built by private subscription. The city infirmary is maintained at an annual expense of $14,000. In
connection therewith is a farm, the annual products of which amount to more than $10,000. The city hospital has no endowment, but enjoys an annual income of $7,000 from donations and the rental of its beds. The foundling hospital is supported in the same way. The homeopathic hospital, founded by the faculty of the C. homeopathic college, provides for the wants of an increasing number of patients. The United States marine hospital, for the benefit of sailors, is supported by appropriation from congress and a small tax on the sailors of the C. district. The house for the aged poor, founded 1870 by the "little sisters of the poor," is supported by private charity. The house for working-women, founded 1869, owns its buildings and grounds, but has uo other endowment. The Protestant orphan asylum, chartered 1853, has an endowment of $50,000. St. Mary's female orphan asylum, founded 1851, and its tributary, St. Joseph, founded 1859, have but a small endowment. St. Vincent's male orphan asylum, founded 1852, has many inmates, but no endowment. Besides these, the Jewish orphan asylum, the Bethel home for the destitute, and the children's aid society, deserve mention as highly useful charities. The churches of the city number more than 100, 15 of which are Roman Catholic, and the rest divided in varying proportions between the several Protestant denominations. The Roman Catholics sustain two con vents, and the evangelical Protestants a young men's Christian association. The public schools are well organized and efficiently managed. The seminary for women is a flourishing institution, so also is the union business college. The Roman Catholics have 11 academies and schools. The state law college has a library of 2.500 volumes and a considerable number of students. The C. medical college (attached to the uni versity of Wooster) was organized in 1843, and graduates annually a large number of students. The homeopathic medical college, founded in 1849, is flourishing. C. con tains 6 national banks, with an aggregate capital of more than $4,000,000, 2 savings hanks, 9 insurance companies, 3 markets, and more than 30 hotels. Five or six great lines of railroad center here, and the Ohio canal connects lake Erie at this point with the Ohio river. It was this canal, completed in 1834, that first gave a great impetus to the commerce of the city. Seven street railway companies connect all parts of the city with one another. Numerous steamers ply between C. and all other ports on the lake. The manufacturing industries of the city are varied and extensive, and increas ing with great rapidity. They embrace iron, coal, refined petroleum, sulphuric acid, wooden ware, agricultural implements, sewing machines, railroad cars, marble, white lead, etc. The capital invested in these and other manufactures is estimated at upwards of $20,000,000. In 1873, the wages paid to laborers in the more than 300 manufacturing establishments amounted to about $7,500,000. The assessed valuation of the city in 1873 was $65,000,000. The pop. of C. at different periods was as follows: 1810, 57; 1S20, 350; 1830, 1000; 1840, 6,071; 1850, 17,084; 1860, 43,417; 1870, 93,018; 1880, 159,404.