CUZ'CO, the name of a city, a province, and a department in Peru. 1. C., the city, was originally the capital of the Incas (in the language of the Incas, says Garcilasso, C. signifies " navel") and the center of an empire, which, besides the territory of the exist ing republic, comprised Bolivia, most of Ecuador, and portions also of Chili and the Argentine confederation; and is still, next to Lima, the most populous city in the state, containing fully 47,500 inhabitants. It stands on the Guatanai, one of the remotest head-waters of the Amazon, in lat. 13° 31' s., and long. 72° 2' w., at the eastern end of that section of the Andes known as the Knot of Cuzco, 11,000 ft. above sea-level. Not withstanding its aboriginal name, C., with the exception of some neighboring ruins, part of which, perhaps, carry one back beyond the era of the Incas, is really of S'panish origin, being built in the form of a square, and presenting many handsome edifices. It
is about 200 m. to the n.n.e. of Arequipa, having its maritime outlet in Islay, the port of that city. The manufactures of the place are cottons, woolens, embroidery, and jewelry.-2. The province, otherwise styled the Cereado, embraces nothing beyond the city itself but the suburb of San Jeronimo.-3. The department, subdivided into 11 provinces, lies wholly in the sierra or ...Udine region of the country, having the coast on the w., and the montana, or Transandiue territory, on the cast. It numbered, in 1871, 464,000 inhabitants, being considerably more populous than any other department. It stretches in s. let, from 13° to 15°, and in w. long, from 70° to 73°, with an area of about 45,000 sq. miles. In addition to C. itself, it has the towns of Abancay and Urubamba.