DALIIOIT'SIE, Marquis of, JAMES ANDREW BROUN-RAMSAY, Gov.gen. of India, third son of the ninth earl of D., was b. April 22, 1812, at Dalhousie castle, Midlothian. lie was educated at Harrow, and graduated at Christ church, Oxford. In 1832. by the death of his only remaining brother, he succeeded to the honorary title of lord Ramsay. In 1835, he contested the representation of Edinburgh, in the conservative interest, against the Whig candidates, sir John Campbell, afterwards lord Campbell, and 31r. Abercromby. He bore his defeat with great good-humor. In 1836, lie married the eldest daughter of the eighth marquis of Tweeddale; in 1837, was elected for Hadding tonshire. On the death of his father, in 1838, lie succeeded to the earldom of D., and became a member of the upper house. In 1843, he was appointed, by sir Robert Peel, vice-president of the board of trade, and in 1845, succeeded Mr. Gladstone as president of the board. The "railway mania" threw an immense amount of labor and responsi bility upon his department; but the energy, industry, and administrative ability lie dis played in his office, no less than his reaainess and fluency in parliament, marked him out for the highest offices in the state. When sir Robert Peel resigned office in 1846, lord John Russell, who succeeded him, paid the earl of D. the rare compliment of ask ing him to remain at the board of trade, in order to carry out the regulations he had framed for railway legislation and intercommunication. In 1847, he was appointed gov.gen. of India, as successor to lord Hardinge. and arrived in Calcutta, Jan. 12, 1898 —the youngest gov.gen. ever sent to that country. His Indian administration was not less splendid and successful, in regard to the acquisition of territory, than in the means he adopted for developing the resources of the country and improving the administra lion of the East Indian government. Pegu and the Punjab were conquered; Nagpore, Oude, Sattara, Jhansi, and Berar were annexed—altogether, four great kingdoms, besides a number of minor principalities, were added to the dominions of the queen under his governor-generalship. Railways on a colossal scale were planned, and partly commenced; 4,000 m. of electric telegraph were spread over India; 2,000 in. of road between Calcutta and Peshawur were bridged and metaled; the Ganges canal, the largest of the kind in the world, was opened; the Punjab canal was undertaken; impor tant works of irrigation all over India were planned and executed; and the official department of public works were reorganized. Among other incidents of his beneficent
administration may be cited the permission to Hindu widows to marry again; relief to persons of all sects from the risk of forfeiting property by a change of religion; the improvement of education and of prison-discipline; the organization of the legislative council; the improved training of the civil service, covenanted and uneovenanted; and the reform in the postal service of India, whereby a letter from Peshawur to cape Coin orin, or from Assam to Kurrachee, is now conveyed for three farthings, or of the old charge. These, and many other achievements of his Indian administration, will be found in a minute which he drew up on resigning office, in which he reviewed, with pardonable pride, the events of his eight years' governor-generalship. His constitution had never been strong, and it gave way under the incessant labor and responsibility imposed upon him by his noble ambition. Meanwhile, honors had been showered upon him by his queen and country with no sparing hand: in 1848, he was made a knight of the Scottish order of the Thistle; in 1849, he received the marquisate, the thanks of both houses of parliament and of the East India Company, for the "zeal and ability" displayed in administering the resources of British India in the contest with the Sikhs, immediately previous to the annexation of the Punjab; in 1852, on the death of the duke of Wellington, he was nominated by the then prime minister, the earl of Derby, to the office of constable of her majesty's castle of Dover, and lord warden of the cirque ports. D. sailed from Calcutta in Mar., 1856. On his arrival in England, he was unable to take his seat in the house of lords; and the remainder of his days was spent in much physical suffering and prostration of strength. On the 19th Dec., 1860, he died at Dalhousie castle, in his 48th year, leaving behind him a name that ranks among the highest in the roll of Indian viceroys for statesmanship, administrative vigor, and the faculty of inspiring confidence among the millions subjected to his sway. As he died without male issue, his title of marquis became extinct on his death, the earldom of D. and other Scottish honors reverting to his cousin, baron Panmure, who died in 1875.