FRAD-MEHMED, Pasha, a Turkish statesman and litterateur, was b. at Constanti nople in 1814. Ire was the son of the celebrated poet, Izzet-Effendi-Nitchegizade, bet ter known under the name of Izzet-Mollah, and nephew of Leila Khatun, one of the very few Turkish poetesses. Having received an education more literary than that-of the majority of young men Jestineefor public affairs in Turkey, he began to make himself known as an author, when the exile of his father, who had fallen into disgrace with the sultan Mahmud, and the confiscation of the paternal property, compelled him to choose a profession. He betook himself to medicine, and studied at Galata-Serai from 1828 to 1832. In 1834, he was appointed admiralty physician, and accompanied the grand admiral in his expedition against Tripoli; but on his return to Constantinople, he abruptly forsook medicine, and entered the more unquiet arena of politics. For several years he employed himself in the study of diplomacy, history, modern languages, the rights of nations, and political economy. In 1840, he became first secretary to the Turkish embassy at London, where his skill and sagacity first made themselves conspic uous. In 1843, he was named second dragoman of the sublime porte, and shortly after was chosen to proceed to Spain to felicitate the queen of that country on her accession to the throne. Fuad-Mehmed was very popular at the court of Madrid. It was almost impossible to believe him to be a Turk. He spoke Fiench marvelously well, made bon mots like Talley-rand, and showed himself as gallant as an Abencerrage. Curiously enough, although a .Afohammatan, he obtained, while in Spain, among other honors, the grand cord of Isabella the Catholic. Here also he composed a poem on the Alhambra.
which Turkish critics praise highly for its novel and interesting reflections. On his ,return to Constantinople, he was appointed to discharge the functions of grand inter preter to the porte, which brought him into contact with the duke of Montpensier, who arrived at Constantinople in 184-5, and who, on his return to France, invested him with the cross of commander of the legion of honor. In 1850, lie went on a mission to St. Petersburg in 1853, on another to Egypt. On his return from the first of these, he became minister of foreign affairs under the grand viziership of Aali Pasha (Aug., 1852). On the question of the "Holy Places," Fuad-Mehmed, by his attitude, and by a brochure very liostlie to the pretensions of Russia, entitled La Verite sus In Question des Lieux Saints, gave great dissatisfaction to the czar. In 1854, Fuad-3lehmed went to Epirus along with Omar Pasha, acting sOnletifnaat a diplOniatist and sometimes as a general. In the following year he received the title of pasha, and was again appointed minister of foreign affairs. From 1861 to 1866, he held the office of grand vizier. He died in 169. To him especially it is said Turkey owes the hatti-sherif of 1856, ordering the consolidation of the external defenses of the porte and the institution of telegraphs and light-houses.
When the Turkish academy of science and belles-lettres was established in 1851, Fund-Mehmed was one of the first members, and in the following year he published a Turkish Grammar, which is highly esteemed by native scholars. He was loaded with distinctions by European sovereigns.