The transfer of the government of India to the British crown, and the new constitution already referred to, were the immediate consequences of the mutiny.
The Earl of Elgin (1862-63).—No event of importance occurred during the brief administration of governor-general lord Elgin, who died in Nov., 1863.
Sir John Lawrence (1863-65).—Towards the close of lord Elgin's administration, a Mohammedan rising was apprehended in n.w. India, and it was considered most desirable that the new viceroy should have practical experience of Indian affairs. Sir John, afterwards lord Lawrence, was accordingly appointed viceroy. He conducted the government with prudence and zeal; but unfortunate events occurred during his term of office. A war with Bhotan terminated rather unsatisfactorily for England in 1865; and a dreadful famine occurred in Orissa, caused by a drought and failure of the crops, by which 1,500,000 people perished.
Earl Mayo (1869-72).—The administration of lord Mayo was inaugurated by a great demonstration at Umballa on March 27, 1860, when the ameer of Afghanistan was received in state, and received a supply of arms and the first installment of a money subsidy of £120,000 a year. In returning from Rangoon to Calcutta, lord Mayo visited a convict establishment in the Andaman islands, and was assassinated there by one of the prisoners in 1872. The act had no political significance.
Baron Nortldn'ook (1872).—Lord Northbrook entered on office in May, 1872. The
chief events of his administration were "the Bengal famine," which, however, was anticipated in good time; and the visit of the prince of Wales to India (1875).
Baron Lytton (1876).-•-The most important events in the tenure of office of lord Lytton have been the proclamation of the queen as empress of India (1877), the relief of another famine, and the Afghan war (1878-79).
For information on India, consult: The History of British India, by James Mill, with notes and continuation by Horace Hayman Wilson, M. A'. , F. H.S. (Lond. 1858); Time Indian Empire, by R. Montgomery Martin (Lond. 1862); The History of the Indian Revolt. published by the Messrs. Chambers in 1859; An Account of the Mutinies in Oude and of the Siege of time Lucknow Residency, etc., by Martin Richard Gubbins (Lond. 1858); The Marquis of Dalhousie's Administration of British India, by Edwin Arnold, M. A. (Lond. 1862); Watson and Kaye's People of India (Loud. 1866-70); Geography of India, by o Geore Duncan (Madras, 1870); Kaye's Sepoy War (1871); Hunter's Orissa, and other works on India (Lond. 1872-74); Markham's Official Report exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress of India during 1871-72 (printed 1873); Geography of India, by J. Hill (Lend. 1824); History of India, by sir H. M. Elliot (Lond. 1872); The Highlands of Central India, by capt. J. Forsyth (Lend. 1871); La Langue et in Litterature Hindoustanie en 1871, by M. Garcin de Tassy (Paris, 1874).